{"doi":"10.1007/s00401-024-02743-9","title":"Neuropathological findings in Down syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and control patients with and without SARS-COV-2: preliminary findings","abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus that led to COVID-19 is associated with significant and long-lasting neurologic symptoms in many patients, with an increased mortality risk for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or Down syndrome (DS). However, few studies have evaluated the neuropathological and inflammatory sequelae in postmortem brain tissue obtained from AD and people with DS with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. We examined tau, beta-amyloid (Aβ), inflammatory markers and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in DS, AD, and healthy non-demented controls with COVID-19 and compared with non-infected brain tissue from each disease group (total n = 24). A nested ANOVA was used to determine regional effects of the COVID-19 infection on arborization of astrocytes (Sholl analysis) and percent-stained area of Iba-1 and TMEM 119. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies labeled neurons and glial cells in the frontal cortex of all subjects with COVID-19, and in the hippocampus of two of the three DS COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2-related alterations were observed in peri-vascular astrocytes and microglial cells in the gray matter of the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and para-hippocampal gyrus. Bright field microscopy revealed scattered intracellular and diffuse extracellular Aβ deposits in the hippocampus of controls with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Overall, the present preliminary findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infections induce abnormal inflammatory responses in Down syndrome.","journal":"Acta Neuropathologica","year":2024,"id":453661,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.958,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":504670,"name":"Elisabet Englund","orcid":"0000-0002-2708-2443","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":717522,"name":"Anah Gilmore","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270466,"name":"Elizabeth Head","orcid":"0000-0003-1115-6396","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279706,"name":"William H. Yong","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350200,"name":"Sylvia E. Perez","orcid":"0009-0009-1412-5721","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":553759,"name":"Samuel Guzman","orcid":"0000-0001-7029-978X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548784,"name":"Eric D. Hamlett","orcid":"0000-0002-2900-7949","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272203,"name":"Elliott J. Mufson","orcid":"0000-0003-4438-7334","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305914,"name":"Ann‐Charlotte Granholm","orcid":"0000-0002-9685-7599","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":84,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:03.428151Z","pmid":"38801558","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}