{"doi":"10.1007/s00299-022-02834-5","title":"Physicochemical characterization of the recombinant lectin scytovirin and microbicidal activity of the SD1 domain produced in rice against HIV-1","abstract":"Abstract Key message Rice-produced SD1 retains its physicochemical properties and provides efficient pre-exposure HIV-1 prophylaxis against infection in vitro. Abstract Scytovirin (SVN) is an HIV-neutralizing lectin that features two structural domains (SD1 and SD2) that bind to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. We expressed SD1 in rice seeds as a potential large-scale production platform and confirmed that rice-derived SD1 binds the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 in vitro. We analyzed the thermodynamic properties of SD1 compared to full-size SVN (produced in E. coli ) by isothermal titration and differential scanning calorimetry to characterize the specific interactions between SVN/SD1 and gp120 as well as to high-mannose oligosaccharides. SVN bound with moderate affinity (K d = 1.5 µM) to recombinant gp120, with 2.5-fold weaker affinity to nonamannoside (K d of 3.9 µM), and with tenfold weaker affinity to tetramannoside (13.8 µM). The melting temperature (T m ) of full-size SVN was 59.1 °C and the enthalpy of unfolding (ΔH unf ) was 16.4 kcal/mol, but the T m fell when SVN bound to nonamannoside (56.5 °C) and twice as much energy was required for unfolding (ΔH unf = 33.5 kcal/mol). Interestingly, binding to tetramannoside destabilized the structure of SD1 (ΔT m ~ 11.5 °C) and doubled the enthalpy of unfolding, suggesting a dimerization event. The similar melting phenomenon shared by SVN and SD1 in the presence of oligomannose confirmed their conserved oligosaccharide-binding mechanisms. SD1 expressed in transgenic rice was able to neutralize HIV-1 in vitro. SD1 expressed in rice, therefore, is suitable as a microbicide component.","journal":"Plant Cell Reports","year":2022,"id":290841,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9591,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":974185,"name":"Amaya Blanco-Perera","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":974186,"name":"Shilpa R. Shenoy","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378134,"name":"Yi Eve Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-9887-6478","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":973715,"name":"Sílvia Marfil","orcid":"0000-0003-0139-5000","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":653881,"name":"Jordana Muñoz‐Basagoiti","orcid":"0000-0002-0384-5928","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":653880,"name":"Daniel Perez‐Zsolt","orcid":"0000-0003-4192-7622","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":97916,"name":"Julià Blanco","orcid":"0000-0002-2225-0217","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312203,"name":"Nuria Izquierdo‐Useros","orcid":"0000-0002-1039-1821","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":651350,"name":"Teresa Capell","orcid":"0000-0002-6436-4538","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257552,"name":"Barry R. O’Keefe","orcid":"0000-0003-0772-4856","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":651351,"name":"Paul Christou","orcid":"0000-0001-6358-7396","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":651322,"name":"Victoria Armario-Nájera","orcid":"0000-0002-8756-3396","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:34.502076Z","pmid":"35178612","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}