{"doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03934-9","title":"Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with a PD-1 inhibitor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and thymosin-α1 in advanced metastatic solid tumors: a multicenter Phase II clinical trial","abstract":null,"journal":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","year":2025,"id":639454,"datarank":0.3990530605397958,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0393687696200401,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0393687696200401,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":3,"citers_with_endowment":3,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":137860,"name":"Li Yin","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661369,"name":"Wenjie Guo","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291983,"name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-7741-3733","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661371,"name":"Juying Liu","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661372,"name":"Lansheng Zhang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661373,"name":"Hongxun Ye","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661375,"name":"Jianhong Xia","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661376,"name":"Youyou Xia","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39322,"name":"Jianfeng Wu","orcid":"0000-0002-6892-8572","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661377,"name":"Wanwei Wang","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1661378,"name":"Yanguang Yang","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355149,"name":"Dan Zong","orcid":"0000-0003-4984-4557","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1644953,"name":"Xia He","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1245950,"name":"Lijun Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-5773-3422","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474707,"name":"Hong Jiang","orcid":"0000-0001-5099-868X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1206829,"name":"Jiamin Yu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with a PD-1 inhibitor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and thymosin-α1 in advanced metastatic solid tumors: a multicenter Phase II clinical trial","abstract":"PURPOSE: This multicenter Phase II clinical study assessed the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and thymosin-α1 in patients with heavily treated metastatic solid tumors. METHODS: Patients were enrolled between September 2022 and May 2024. HFRT was administered to targeted tumors, and GM-CSF was administered for 14 days from day 1 of radiotherapy. Thymosin-α1 was injected concurrently twice weekly until disease progression. Immunotherapy with camrelizumab was started following HFRT and repeated every 3 weeks. GM-CSF was administered daily for 7 days before each cycle of immunotherapy. RESULTS: By June 15, 2024, there were 37 study participants. The median follow-up duration was 5.97 months (range 0.40-20.9). Median progression-free survival was 3.5 months (95% confidence interval 2.73-4.23) in the intention-to-treat population. The objective response rate was 23.08%, and the disease control rate was 65.38%. Overall survival data are not yet mature. Abscopal effects were observed in 6 patients (23.08%); four of whom achieved a partial response. Patients who achieved a partial response were significantly more likely to have an abscopal effect( P = 0.025). The group with a lower baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio had a significantly lower risks of distant metastasis and death( P = 0.024). Seventeen adverse reactions were reported, including six grade 3 or 4 adverse events. There were no grade 5 adverse events. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the trends in efficacy observed in our study are promising; however, well-designed protocols are essential to validate these findings.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39904914","pmcid":"PMC11794727","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4407133054","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"82172804","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":5.376,"citation_percentile":0.95682261,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00262-024-03934-9.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00262-024-03934-9.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00262-024-03934-9/fulltext.html","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03934-9","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39904914","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11794727","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/3eb8b44fd17d4e8f930003c6052da7f4","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11794727/pdf/262_2024_Article_3934.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11794727","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11794727?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Cancer Research and Treatments","Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","Immune cells in cancer","Humans","Male","Female","Middle Aged","Aged","Neoplasms","Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","Adult","Thymalfasin","Radiation Dose Hypofractionation","Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","Neoplasm Metastasis","Aged, 80 and over","Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor"],"mesh_terms":["Radiation Dose Hypofractionation","Thymalfasin","Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","Adult","Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Neoplasm Metastasis","Neoplasms","Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor","Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized"],"keywords":["Thymosin","Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor","Medicine","Radiation therapy","Clinical trial","Oncology","Granulocyte","Immunotherapy","Internal medicine","Solid tumor","Multicenter study","Cancer research","Cytokine","Cancer","Randomized controlled trial","Hypofractionated Radiotherapy","Abscopal Effect","Granulocyte Macrophage-colony Stimulating Factor","Thymosin-α1","Pd-1 Inhibitor"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T00:25:54.115028Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}