{"doi":"10.1007/s00262-021-02860-4","title":"IL-36γ-armed oncolytic virus exerts superior efficacy through induction of potent adaptive antitumor immunity","abstract":"Abstract In this study, we aimed to apply the cytokine IL-36 γ to cancer immunotherapy by constructing new oncolytic vaccinia viruses (OV) expressing interleukin-36 γ (IL-36 γ -OVs), leveraging unique synergism between OV and IL-36 γ ’s ability to promote antitumor adaptive immunity and modulate tumor microenvironment (TME). IL-36 γ -OV had dramatic therapeutic efficacies in multiple murine tumor models, frequently leading to complete cancer eradication in large fractions of mice. Mechanistically, IL-36- γ -armed OV induced infiltration of lymphocytes and dendritic cells, decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages, and T cell differentiation into effector cells. Further study showed that IL-36 γ -OV increased the number of tumor antigen-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and the therapeutic efficacy depended on both CD8 + and CD4 + T cells. These results demonstrate that these IL36 γ -armed OVs exert potent therapeutic efficacy mainly though antitumor immunity and they may hold great potential to advance treatment in human cancer patients.","journal":"Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy","year":2021,"id":171423,"datarank":0.49983067652628066,"base_score":3.332204510175204,"endowment":3.332204510175204,"self_citation_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9528,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":706900,"name":"Esther Giehl","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":706122,"name":"Chao Feng","orcid":"0009-0002-1893-412X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":706123,"name":"Mathilde Feist","orcid":"0000-0002-6107-5490","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298715,"name":"Hongqi Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-3073-020X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225231,"name":"Enyong Dai","orcid":"0000-0002-5263-3454","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298719,"name":"Zuqiang Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-4181-8103","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300243,"name":"Congrong Ma","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":706901,"name":"Roshni Ravindranathan","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":242170,"name":"David L. Bartlett","orcid":"0000-0003-3099-2613","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":480652,"name":"Binfeng Lu","orcid":"0000-0002-7822-5950","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298718,"name":"Zong Sheng Guo","orcid":"0000-0002-4624-9907","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":706121,"name":"Min Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-2444-4194","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:46:33.067299Z","pmid":"33538860","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}