{"doi":"10.1007/s00213-003-1407-0","title":"Development, maintenance and temporal pattern of self-administration maintained by ecstasy (MDMA) in rats","abstract":null,"journal":"Psychopharmacology","year":2003,"id":611015,"datarank":0.7525919755222388,"base_score":5.017279836814924,"endowment":5.017279836814924,"self_citation_contribution":0.7525919755222388,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7525919755222388,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":150,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1571197,"name":"David Gittings","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1571198,"name":"Malcolm Johnstone","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1571199,"name":"Evangeline Daniela","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1524854,"name":"Susan Schenk","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Development, maintenance and temporal pattern of self-administration maintained by ecstasy (MDMA) in rats","abstract":"<h4>Rationale</h4>+/-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; \"ecstasy\") use is increasing around the globe but there is a paucity of studies examining the abuse liability of this drug.<h4>Objectives</h4>The ability of drugs to reinforce operant responding in laboratory animals is a valid and reliable predictor of abuse potential. MDMA is self-administered by humans, but there have been few reports of reliable self-administration by drug-naive laboratory animals. The present study sought to examine the acquisition and maintenance of MDMA self-administration by laboratory rats. The influence of prior training with cocaine self-administration on the acquisition of MDMA self-administration was also examined.<h4>Methods</h4>MDMA self-administration (0.25-2.0 mg/kg per infusion) was examined in rats that were first trained to self-administer cocaine as well as by those that were drug-naive. The dose-dependency of MDMA self-administration and the temporal pattern of responding maintained by various doses of MDMA were examined. In some rats, self-administration of MDMA during a 24-h session was also examined.<h4>Results</h4>MDMA was self-administered by laboratory rats that were experienced with self-administration of cocaine as well as by rats that were initially drug naive. For drug naive rats, the acquisition of MDMA self-administration (1.0 mg/kg per infusion) developed gradually during daily test sessions. The latency to acquisition of self-administration was shorter in cocaine-trained rats. Self-administration was dose-dependent, extinguished when saline was substituted for MDMA and, was reinstated when MDMA was reintroduced. During a 24-h self-administration session, a high rate of responding was produced during the first hour of the test session followed by a steady and lower rate of two to four responses per hour during subsequent hours of the test.<h4>Conclusions</h4>These results suggest that prior experience with cocaine self-administration facilitates the acquisition of MDMA self-administration. The results also suggest that MDMA has abuse liability and that increased use of the drug should raise concern of a growing and widespread potential for chronic abuse.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":5.017279836814924,"endowment":5.017279836814924,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"12774185","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2041614065","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":4.9395,"citation_percentile":0.96341463,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":8},{"year":2013,"count":11},{"year":2014,"count":6},{"year":2015,"count":6},{"year":2016,"count":13},{"year":2017,"count":8},{"year":2018,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":2}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://www.springer.com/tdm","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00213-003-1407-0.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-003-1407-0/fulltext.html","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00213-003-1407-0","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1407-0","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12774185","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","Psychedelics and Drug Studies","Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","Animals","Cocaine","Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","Hallucinogens","Male","N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine","Rats","Rats, Sprague-Dawley","Self Administration"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cocaine","Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","Hallucinogens","Male","Self Administration","Rats, Sprague-Dawley","Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine","Rats"],"keywords":["MDMA","Ecstasy","Self-administration","Pharmacology","Psychology","Hallucinogen","Drugs of abuse","Abuse liability","Drug","Anesthesia","Medicine","Psychiatry"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-01T14:26:47.840361Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}