{"doi":"10.1007/bf02289447","title":"A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis","abstract":"<jats:p>It is suggested that if Guttman’s latent-root-one lower bound estimate for the rank of a correlation matrix is accepted as a psychometric upper bound, following the proofs and arguments of Kaiser and Dickman, then the rank for a sample matrix should be estimated by subtracting out the component in the latent roots which can be attributed to sampling error, and least-squares “capitalization” on this error, in the calculation of the correlations and the roots. A procedure based on the generation of random variables is given for estimating the component which needs to be subtracted.</jats:p>","journal":"Psychometrika","year":1965,"id":2509,"datarank":23.22911114686223,"base_score":9.04981944514108,"endowment":9.04981944514108,"self_citation_contribution":1.3574729167711623,"citation_network_contribution":21.87163823009107,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3574729167711623,"citer_contribution":21.87163823009107,"corpus_percentile":95.2,"corpus_rank":1698,"citation_count":8516,"citer_count":198,"citers_with_citation_signal":198,"citers_with_endowment":198,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1965-06-01","authors":[{"id":29976,"name":"John L. Horn","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":6,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}