{"doi":"10.1007/bf02289233","title":"The Varimax Criterion for Analytic Rotation in Factor Analysis","abstract":"<jats:p>An analytic criterion for rotation is defined. The scientific advantage of analytic criteria over subjective (graphical) rotational procedures is discussed. Carroll's criterion and the quartimax criterion are briefly reviewed; the varimax criterion is outlined in detail and contrasted both logically and numerically with the quartimax criterion. It is shown that the <jats:italic>normal</jats:italic> varimax solution probably coincides closely to the application of the principle of simple structure. However, it is proposed that the ultimate criterion of a rotational procedure is factorial invariance, not simple structure –although the two notions appear to be highly related. The normal varimax criterion is shown to be a two-dimensional generalization of the classic Spearman case, i.e., it shows perfect factorial invariance for two pure clusters. An example is given of the invariance of a normal varimax solution for more than two factors. The oblique normal varimax criterion is stated. A computational outline for the orthogonal normal varimax is appended.</jats:p>","journal":"Psychometrika","year":1958,"id":5856,"datarank":29.980164853004897,"base_score":8.925587339030281,"endowment":8.925587339030281,"self_citation_contribution":1.3388381008545425,"citation_network_contribution":28.641326752150356,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3388381008545425,"citer_contribution":28.641326752150356,"corpus_percentile":98.0,"corpus_rank":2044,"citation_count":7521,"citer_count":197,"citers_with_citation_signal":197,"citers_with_endowment":197,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1958-09-01","authors":[{"id":54967,"name":"Henry F. Kaiser","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":12,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}