{"doi":"10.1002/wrna.1412","title":"Structures of RNA repeats associated with neurological diseases","abstract":"<jats:p>All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> molecules possess a ‘propensity’ to fold into complex secondary and tertiary structures. Although they are composed of only four types of nucleotides, they show an enormous structural richness which reflects their diverse functions in the cell. However, in some cases the folding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> can have deleterious consequences. Aberrantly expanded, repeated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> sequences can exhibit gain‐of‐function abnormalities and become pathogenic, giving rise to many incurable neurological diseases. Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> repeats form long hairpin structures whose stem consists of noncanonical base pairs interspersed among Watson–Crick pairs. The expanded hairpins have an ability to sequester important proteins and form insoluble nuclear foci. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> pathology, common to many repeat disorders, has drawn attention to the structures of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> repeats. In this review, we summarize secondary structure probing and crystallographic studies of disease‐related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA</jats:styled-content> repeat sequences. We discuss the unique structural features which can contribute to the pathogenic properties of the repeated runs. In addition, we present the newest reports concerning structural data linked to therapeutic approaches. <jats:italic>WIREs RNA</jats:italic> 2017, 8:e1412. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1412</jats:p><jats:p>This article is categorized under:\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA Structure and Dynamics &gt; RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>RNA in Disease and Development &gt; RNA in Disease</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n</jats:list></jats:p>","journal":"WIREs RNA","year":2017,"id":45474,"datarank":1.1114600102983845,"base_score":3.4657359027997265,"endowment":3.4657359027997265,"self_citation_contribution":0.519860385419959,"citation_network_contribution":0.5915996248784253,"self_endowment_contribution":0.519860385419959,"citer_contribution":0.5915996248784253,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":30,"citers_with_citation_signal":24,"citers_with_endowment":24,"datacite_reuse_total":2,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":212377,"name":"Wojciech Rypniewski","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":212378,"name":"Agnieszka Kiliszek","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":212376,"name":"Leszek Błaszczyk","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.4657359027997265,"endowment":3.4657359027997265,"datacite_reuse_total":2,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"28130835","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2581348958","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","grant_id":"UMO‐2011/01/B/NZ1/04429","title":null},{"funder_name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego","grant_id":"0450/IP1/2013/72,01/KNOW2/2014","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.346,"citation_percentile":0.7987086,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":6},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":5},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":7},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":2}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fwrna.1412","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wrna.1412","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1412","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28130835","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","Viral Infections and Immunology Research","RNA Research and Splicing","Biology","Medicine","Animals","Humans","Nervous System Diseases","RNA","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Humans","Nervous System Diseases","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid","RNA"],"keywords":["RNA","Nucleic acid structure","Nucleic acid secondary structure","Biology","Computational biology","Non-coding RNA","Base pair","Genetics","Protein secondary structure","DNA","Gene","Biochemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.24633246.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Changes in the small noncoding RNA transcriptome in osteosarcoma cells","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"Dataset"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.24633246","title":"Additional file 1 of Changes in the small noncoding RNA transcriptome in osteosarcoma cells","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"Dataset"}],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-03T20:26:30.788587Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}