{"doi":"10.1002/sstr.202200256","title":"Hierarchically Engineered Artificial Lamellar Bone with High Strength and Toughness","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p>Complex hierarchical architectures are ubiquitous in natural hard tissues, which comprise an elaborate assembly of hard and soft phases spanning from the nanoscale to the macroscale. The elegant architectures grant unique performance in terms of strength and toughness, but the biomimetic fabrication of synthetic materials with highly consistent structural and mechanical characteristics with natural counterparts remains a great challenge. Here, a centimeter‐size artificial lamellar bone is successfully fabricated for the first time via a well‐orchestrated “multiscale cascade regulation” strategy combining multiple techniques of molecular self‐assembly, electrospinning, and pressure‐driven fusion from molecular to macroscopic levels. The bulk artificial lamellar bone that is composed of hierarchically assembled mineralized collagen fibrils with a waiver of any synthetic polymer highly resembles the chemical composition, multiscale structural organization, and rotated plywood‐like structure of natural lamellae, thus achieving a good combination of lightweight and high‐stiffness (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub> ≈ 15.2 GPa), ‐strength (<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>f</jats:italic></jats:sub> ≈ 118.4 MPa), and ‐toughness (<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>JC</jats:sub> ≈ 9.3 MPa m<jats:sup>1/2</jats:sup>). This multiscale cascade regulation strategy can break through the limitations of a single technique and enable the construction of elaborate composite materials with multiscale step‐by‐step regulations of hierarchically structural organizations for unique mechanical properties.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Small Structures","year":2023,"id":657731,"datarank":1.090541289092678,"base_score":3.6109179126442243,"endowment":3.6109179126442243,"self_citation_contribution":0.5416376868966337,"citation_network_contribution":0.5489036021960443,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5416376868966337,"citer_contribution":0.5489036021960443,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":34,"citers_with_citation_signal":26,"citers_with_endowment":26,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1716966,"name":"Jingchuan Zheng","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":780356,"name":"Yang Xiong","orcid":"0000-0003-3901-2394","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1716967,"name":"Hetong Wang","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5731,"name":"Shuhui Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-6972-5817","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1025540,"name":"Xiaodan Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-5210-128X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1025539,"name":"Lingyun Zhao","orcid":"0000-0001-7999-9707","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258170,"name":"Antonios G. Mikos","orcid":"0000-0002-0709-990X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1664253,"name":"Xiumei Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-5303-0217","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1716965,"name":"Yonggang Zhao","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Hierarchically Engineered Artificial Lamellar Bone with High Strength and Toughness","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label/><jats:p>Complex hierarchical architectures are ubiquitous in natural hard tissues, which comprise an elaborate assembly of hard and soft phases spanning from the nanoscale to the macroscale. The elegant architectures grant unique performance in terms of strength and toughness, but the biomimetic fabrication of synthetic materials with highly consistent structural and mechanical characteristics with natural counterparts remains a great challenge. Here, a centimeter‐size artificial lamellar bone is successfully fabricated for the first time via a well‐orchestrated “multiscale cascade regulation” strategy combining multiple techniques of molecular self‐assembly, electrospinning, and pressure‐driven fusion from molecular to macroscopic levels. The bulk artificial lamellar bone that is composed of hierarchically assembled mineralized collagen fibrils with a waiver of any synthetic polymer highly resembles the chemical composition, multiscale structural organization, and rotated plywood‐like structure of natural lamellae, thus achieving a good combination of lightweight and high‐stiffness (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub> ≈ 15.2 GPa), ‐strength (<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>f</jats:italic></jats:sub> ≈ 118.4 MPa), and ‐toughness (<jats:italic>K</jats:italic><jats:sub>JC</jats:sub> ≈ 9.3 MPa m<jats:sup>1/2</jats:sup>). This multiscale cascade regulation strategy can break through the limitations of a single technique and enable the construction of elaborate composite materials with multiscale step‐by‐step regulations of hierarchically structural organizations for unique mechanical properties.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.6109179126442243,"endowment":3.6109179126442243,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19162232","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4313357236","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","grant_id":"2020YFC1107601","title":null},{"funder_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","grant_id":"2019JZZY011106","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":2.0039,"citation_percentile":0.86367245,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":6},{"year":2024,"count":7},{"year":2025,"count":15},{"year":2026,"count":8}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sstr.202200256","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sstr.202200256","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sstr.202200256","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/sstr.202200256","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202200256","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/beb389fbc2f94fe18f28845ccdccd22b","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Materials science","Lamellar structure","Toughness","Biomimetics","Fracture toughness","Electrospinning","Nanotechnology","Composite material","Nanoscopic scale","Stiffness","Multiscale modeling","Biomimetic materials","Polymer","Chemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T02:09:57.243091Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}