{"doi":"10.1002/smll.202101571","title":"An Innovative Way to Turn Catalyst into Substrate for Highly Efficient Water Splitting","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The energy‐efficiency loss with high overpotential during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as economic inefficiencies including high‐cost materials and complicated processes, is considered the major challenge to the implementation of electrochemical water splitting applications. The authors present a new platform for electrocatalysts that functions in an unprecedented way to turn a catalyst into substrate. The NiFe alloy catalyzed substrate (NiFe‐CS) described herein is substantially active and stable electrocatalyst for both HER and OER, with low overpotential of 33 and 191 mV at 10 mA cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> for HER and OER, respectively. This structure enables not only the maximization of electrochemically active sites, but also the formation of hydroxyl species on the surface as the active phase. These outstanding results provide a new pathway for the development of electrocatalysts used in energy conversion technology.</jats:p>","journal":"Small","year":2021,"id":589770,"datarank":1.4671665970017416,"base_score":3.295836866004329,"endowment":3.295836866004329,"self_citation_contribution":0.4943755299006494,"citation_network_contribution":0.9727910671010921,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4943755299006494,"citer_contribution":0.9727910671010921,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":23,"citers_with_citation_signal":22,"citers_with_endowment":22,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1508943,"name":"Gahyeon Lee","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1508944,"name":"Gyeong Duk Nam","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1400125,"name":"Dongyoung Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-1441-9254","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1508945,"name":"Jong Hoon Joo","orcid":"0000-0002-2819-034X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":63285,"name":"Hye Ri Kim","orcid":"0000-0003-1697-9121","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"An Innovative Way to Turn Catalyst into Substrate for Highly Efficient Water Splitting","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The energy‐efficiency loss with high overpotential during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as economic inefficiencies including high‐cost materials and complicated processes, is considered the major challenge to the implementation of electrochemical water splitting applications. The authors present a new platform for electrocatalysts that functions in an unprecedented way to turn a catalyst into substrate. The NiFe alloy catalyzed substrate (NiFe‐CS) described herein is substantially active and stable electrocatalyst for both HER and OER, with low overpotential of 33 and 191 mV at 10 mA cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> for HER and OER, respectively. This structure enables not only the maximization of electrochemically active sites, but also the formation of hydroxyl species on the surface as the active phase. These outstanding results provide a new pathway for the development of electrocatalysts used in energy conversion technology.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.295836866004329,"endowment":3.295836866004329,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34213823","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3176607726","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":1.0143,"citation_percentile":0.7213742,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":9},{"year":2023,"count":6},{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":5}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smll.202101571","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/smll.202101571","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202101571","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34213823","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","Advanced battery technologies research","Fuel Cells and Related Materials","Catalysis","Hydrogen","Oxygen","Water","X-Ray Diffraction"],"mesh_terms":["Catalysis","Hydrogen","Oxygen","Water","X-Ray Diffraction"],"keywords":["Overpotential","Oxygen evolution","Water splitting","Electrocatalyst","Catalysis","Substrate (aquarium)","Materials science","Electrochemistry","Nanotechnology","Chemical engineering","Energy transformation","Chemistry","Electrode","Physical chemistry","Organic chemistry","Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","Porous Electrodes","Oxygen Evolution Reaction","Bifunctional Electrocatalysts","Catalyzed Substrates"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-24T06:17:14.543180Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}