{"doi":"10.1002/sim.70216","title":"Addressing Population Heterogeneity for HIV Incidence Estimation Based on Recency Test","abstract":"Cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation leverages recency test results to determine the HIV incidence of a population of interest, where recency test uses biomarker profiles to infer whether an HIV-positive individual was \"recently\" infected. This approach possesses an obvious advantage over the conventional cohort follow-up method since it avoids longitudinal follow-up and repeated HIV testing. In this manuscript, we consider the extension of cross-sectional incidence estimation to estimate the incidence of a different target population, addressing potential population heterogeneity. We propose a general framework that incorporates two scenarios: one when the target population is a subset of the population with cross-sectional recency testing data and the other with an external target population. In addition, we propose estimators to incorporate HIV subtypes, a special type of covariate that modifies the properties of recency tests, into our framework. Through simulation studies and a data application, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods. We conclude with a discussion on sensitivity analysis and future work to improve our framework.","journal":"Statistics in Medicine","year":2025,"id":572020,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9507,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":513134,"name":"Ann Duerr","orcid":"0000-0002-3399-2208","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415504,"name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"0000-0001-6797-5468","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":14193,"name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-6420-1720","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:19.669553Z","pmid":"40779330","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}