{"doi":"10.1002/pros.24210","title":"Phenotypic characterization of two novel cell line models of castration‐resistant prostate cancer","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Resistance to androgen deprivation therapies is a major driver of mortality in advanced prostate cancer. Therefore, there is a need to develop new preclinical models that allow the investigation of resistance mechanisms and the assessment of drugs for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS: We generated two novel cell line models (LAPC4-CR and VCaP-CR) which were derived by passaging LAPC4 and VCaP cells in vivo and in vitro under castrate conditions. We performed detailed transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and proteomic analyses (SWATH-MS) to delineate expression differences between castration-sensitive and castration-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we characterized the in vivo and in vitro growth characteristics of these novel cell line models. RESULTS: The two cell line derivatives LAPC4-CR and VCaP-CR showed castration-resistant growth in vitro and in vivo which was only minimally inhibited by AR antagonists, enzalutamide, and bicalutamide. High-dose androgen treatment resulted in significant growth arrest of VCaP-CR but not in LAPC4-CR cells. Both cell lines maintained AR expression, but exhibited distinct expression changes on the mRNA and protein level. Integrated analyses including data from LNCaP and the previously described castration-resistant LNCaP-abl cells revealed an expression signature of castration resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The two novel cell line models LAPC4-CR and VCaP-CR and their comprehensive characterization on the RNA and protein level represent important resources to study the molecular mechanisms of castration resistance.","journal":"The Prostate","year":2021,"id":181392,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.871,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":732240,"name":"Akshay Bhamidipati","orcid":"0000-0002-2345-3331","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":453399,"name":"Harrison Tsai","orcid":"0000-0003-1134-9331","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":503920,"name":"David Esopi","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":502972,"name":"Ajay Vaghasia","orcid":"0000-0002-4498-0966","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732241,"name":"Jin‐Yih Low","orcid":"0000-0002-6058-7398","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":554210,"name":"Radhika A. Patel","orcid":"0009-0008-4889-6818","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272255,"name":"Güneş Güner","orcid":"0000-0002-7338-1524","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":506187,"name":"Minh‐Tam Pham","orcid":"0000-0002-7833-628X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":733017,"name":"Nicole Castagna","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":462942,"name":"Jessica Hicks","orcid":"0000-0001-7885-3319","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732242,"name":"Nicolas Wyhs","orcid":"0000-0003-4252-4470","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":74631,"name":"Ruedi Aebersold","orcid":"0000-0002-9576-3267","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":79757,"name":"Angelo M. De Marzo","orcid":"0000-0003-4847-5307","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":433837,"name":"William G. Nelson","orcid":"0000-0002-4379-0730","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732243,"name":"Tiannan Guo","orcid":"0000-0003-3869-7651","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263709,"name":"Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian","orcid":"0000-0003-0744-6606","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291422,"name":"Michael C. Haffner","orcid":"0000-0003-0809-6425","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":73,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:05.146883Z","pmid":"34402095","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}