{"doi":"10.1002/pros.23948","title":"Association between immunosuppressive cytokines and PSA progression in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer treated with intermittent hormonal therapy","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive cytokines have the potential to promote prostate cancer progression. Assessing their longitudinal changes may implicate mechanisms of progression, treatment resistance, and suggest new therapeutic targets. METHODS: Thirty-seven men with biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer who received 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and were monitored until the time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP) were identified from a completed phase III trial (NCT00020085). Serum samples were archived at baseline, 3 months after ADT, and at TTPP. Cytokine concentrations were quantified using a 36-parameter electrochemiluminescence assay. The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was used to compare observations between time points. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate TTPP dichotomized by cytokine values above or below the median. Pearson's rank correlation coefficient was used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS: Median TTPP was 399 days (range, 114-1641). Median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at baseline and progression were 8.5 and 5.3 ng/mL, respectively. Twenty-three patients (62%) achieved undetectable PSA with ADT. Castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dL) after 3 months of ADT occurred in 35 patients (95%). TNF-α (P = .002), IL-23 (P = .002), and CXCL10 (P = .001) significantly increased from baseline to post ADT. Certain cytokines correlated longitudinally: TNF-α correlated with IL-23 (r = .72; P < .001) and IL-8 (r = .59; P < .001) from baseline to post ADT and to PSA progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with IL-27 (r = .57; P < .001) and MIP-3α (r = .56; P < .001). Patients with a detectable PSA after ADT had elevated levels of IL-6 (P = .049) and IL-8 (P = .013) at PSA progression as compared with those with an undetectable PSA. There was a trend toward shorter TTPP in patients with TNF-α levels above the median (P = .042). CONCLUSIONS: Several innate cytokines were associated with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.","journal":"The Prostate","year":2020,"id":81706,"datarank":0.6287630925606409,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.23290449311835193,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.23290449311835193,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":9,"citers_with_endowment":9,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9642,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT00020085"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":422253,"name":"Samuel Pan","orcid":"0009-0002-5558-8692","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109200,"name":"William D. Figg","orcid":"0000-0003-2428-5613","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266900,"name":"Zoila A. Lopez‐Bujanda","orcid":"0000-0001-5729-7309","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259972,"name":"Jonathan D. Strope","orcid":"0000-0001-8247-8427","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266896,"name":"David H. Aggen","orcid":"0000-0003-3963-5751","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266902,"name":"Matthew C. Dallos","orcid":"0000-0002-5412-3490","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422254,"name":"Emerson A. Lim","orcid":"0000-0001-7269-349X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263637,"name":"Mark N. Stein","orcid":"0000-0002-0853-3640","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422255,"name":"Jianhua Hu","orcid":"0000-0001-5637-304X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":59423,"name":"Charles G. Drake","orcid":"0000-0001-9610-3677","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105157,"name":"Jessica E. Hawley","orcid":"0000-0003-1720-5654","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:52:58.921847Z","pmid":"31899823","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}