{"doi":"10.1002/pmrj.12916","title":"Development of a candidate item bank for measuring mobility of lower limb orthosis users","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Orthoses are often prescribed to improve mobility of people with chronic health conditions that affect lower limb function. Patient-reported survey instruments can be used to measure aspects of mobility that cannot be easily assessed in clinical or research settings. A population-specific item bank could be designed to measure aspects of mobility that are most important to lower limb orthosis users and used to evaluate the effects of orthoses. OBJECTIVE: To develop items for a new survey instrument to measure mobility of lower limb orthosis users. DESIGN: Survey items were developed using a qualitative item review process. SETTING: Focus groups were held by video conferencing. Cognitive interviews were conducted by telephone. PARTICIPANTS: Focus group and cognitive interview participants were adults with at least 6 months of experience using a lower limb orthosis that extended from the foot to a level above the ankle. METHODS: Research methods included focus groups with lower limb orthosis users, an item generation and reduction process that involved a stakeholder advisory panel, and cognitive interviews with target respondents. RESULTS: A total of 1180 extant items were identified in a literature review. Focus group participants (n = 29) provided feedback that informed the suitability of a construct definition and conceptual model. An advisory panel contributed to the selection of 118 candidate items for measuring orthotic mobility. Feedback from cognitive interview participants (n = 30) informed removal or revision of problematic items, resulting in a candidate bank of 100 mobility items. CONCLUSIONS: The rigorous qualitative methods applied here resulted in a large set of candidate items that spanned a range of situations relevant to moving with a lower limb orthosis. Next steps include administration of the candidate items to a large sample of lower limb orthosis users and calibration of the item bank.","journal":"PM&R","year":2022,"id":278176,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9485,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":732671,"name":"Sara J. Morgan","orcid":"0000-0001-8059-3659","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5050,"name":"Dagmar Amtmann","orcid":"0000-0003-1142-9729","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413877,"name":"Carolyn Baylor","orcid":"0000-0001-7185-7528","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513685,"name":"Brian J. Hafner","orcid":"0000-0001-6175-1869","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":734700,"name":"Geoffrey S. Balkman","orcid":"0000-0002-1087-4647","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:28:43.133347Z","pmid":"36270012","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}