{"doi":"10.1002/pds.70105","title":"The Effect of Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention on Pregnancy Risk Among Women Living With <scp>HIV</scp> on Antiretroviral Treatment and Progestin‐Based Hormonal Contraception","abstract":"PURPOSE: Concomitant use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), hormonal contraception, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) for tuberculosis prevention is common among women of reproductive age who are living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated the effect of isoniazid on 6-month pregnancy risk among Malawian women living with HIV in the Family Planning and Antiretroviral Therapy (FP-ART) prospective cohort study, overall and among subgroups defined by ART regimen type and hormonal contraceptive method. METHODS: The analytic sample included visits contributed by participants who were currently using either efavirenz- or dolutegravir-based ART and either depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant contraception at the time of the visit. The exposure was self-reported, current isoniazid use (yes/no). The binary outcome measure, 6-month pregnancy, was defined as an estimated conception date 1-183 days after the study visit date. We used a marginal structural linear risk regression model with inverse probability of treatment weights, multiple imputation by chained equations, and bootstrapping to estimate risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The analytic sample included 4709 study visits occurring between September 2017 and June 2021. The weighted 6-month pregnancy risk among isoniazid use visits was 3.0% compared with 2.3% among non-use visits (RD 0.7%, 95% CI: -0.7%, 2.1%), and the results were qualitatively similar for all subgroup estimates. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a clinically significant effect of isoniazid use on 6-month pregnancy incidence among women concomitantly using ART and either DMPA or LNG implant contraception.","journal":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","year":2025,"id":551394,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9641,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":277337,"name":"Daniel Westreich","orcid":"0000-0003-3069-1650","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669710,"name":"Agatha Bula","orcid":"0000-0001-8440-7059","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1433179,"name":"Clara Lemani","orcid":"0000-0001-9520-8864","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669709,"name":"John Chapola","orcid":"0000-0002-6669-6499","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278111,"name":"Jennifer Winston","orcid":"0000-0003-0318-2359","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334763,"name":"Katie R. Mollan","orcid":"0000-0002-8592-5154","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":696632,"name":"Jill M. Hagey","orcid":"0000-0003-1062-8371","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":361250,"name":"Sam Phiri","orcid":"0000-0002-9372-212X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1087746,"name":"Jane Chiwoko","orcid":"0009-0005-1674-5167","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669711,"name":"Lameck Chinula","orcid":"0000-0003-3690-4207","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312050,"name":"Mina C. Hosseinipour","orcid":"0000-0003-2174-313X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":370688,"name":"Mackenzie L. Cottrell","orcid":"0000-0002-0291-5111","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277332,"name":"Audrey Pettifor","orcid":"0000-0002-3387-0817","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":824027,"name":"Mollie E. Wood","orcid":"0000-0002-9302-2641","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513307,"name":"Jennifer H. Tang","orcid":"0000-0003-4238-2791","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1346834,"name":"Karen Diepstra","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:25.065895Z","pmid":"39887497","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}