{"doi":"10.1002/pbc.31852","title":"PD‐L1 Expression is Mediated by microRNA Processing, Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling, and Chemotherapy in Wilms Tumor","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Inhibition of immune checkpoint proteins is effective in adult cancers but has shown limited efficacy in pediatric cancers. While factors regulating expression of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-L1 are well documented in adult cancers, their regulation is poorly understood in pediatric cancers. METHODS: We analyzed Wilms tumor specimens with reverse-phase protein arrays. We validated correlations using published sequencing data, flow cytometry, and immunoblots. RESULTS: Using unsupervised clustering of protein arrays, we found that immune markers like PD-L1 are upregulated in distinct subsets of Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer. Specifically, chemotherapy-exposed Wilms tumor specimens exhibited higher levels of PD-L1 expression, and common chemotherapeutics upregulated PD-L1 in vitro. Furthermore, mutations in CTNNB1 and DROSHA, the two most commonly mutated genes in Wilms tumor, correlated with higher PD-L1. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and knockdown of DROSHA or DICER1 both increase PD-L1 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results identify clinical and biological properties regulating PD-L1 in Wilms tumor that may inform precision therapy approaches in pediatric immuno-oncology.","journal":"Pediatric Blood & Cancer","year":2025,"id":544776,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9593,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1297300,"name":"Kavita Desai","orcid":"0000-0003-2406-8432","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1358639,"name":"Austin Warne","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":997171,"name":"Arash Nabbi","orcid":"0000-0002-3195-7361","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1435282,"name":"Serena Zhou","orcid":"0009-0004-2846-7566","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1358328,"name":"Sean D. Reiff","orcid":"0009-0004-3871-6861","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297228,"name":"Matthew Campbell","orcid":"0000-0003-3325-240X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":7765,"name":"James F. Amatruda","orcid":"0000-0002-9901-2137","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":35788,"name":"Kenneth S. Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-2304-4631","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":380548,"name":"Patricia D.B. Tiburcio","orcid":"0000-0001-7978-1767","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":99,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:17.418915Z","pmid":"40512079","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}