{"doi":"10.1002/path.6165","title":"Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions: A report of the International Immuno‐Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer","abstract":"Modern histologic imaging platforms coupled with machine learning methods have provided new opportunities to map the spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, there exists no standardized method for describing or analyzing spatial immune cell data, and most reported spatial analyses are rudimentary. In this review, we provide an overview of two approaches for reporting and analyzing spatial data (raster versus vector-based). We then provide a compendium of spatial immune cell metrics that have been reported in the literature, summarizing prognostic associations in the context of a variety of cancers. 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