{"doi":"10.1002/onco.13608","title":"A Multicenter Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy Following Treatment of Isolated Brain Metastasis","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to characterize outcomes of patients with isolated brain metastases managed with local therapy followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients from four medical centers were included if they presented with isolated brain metastases treated with local therapy and received adjuvant treatment with ICIs. RESULTS: Eleven patients with median size of largest brain metastasis of 3.9 cm, treated with surgical resection (n = 8) and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; n = 6), were included. Ipilimumab/nivolumab was the adjuvant ICI used in four patients, of whom one recurred (25%) and none died, compared with three of seven (43%) who recurred and two of seven (29%) who died following adjuvant treatment with ICI monotherapy. All recurrences were intracranial. CONCLUSION: Patients with isolated brain metastases treated with surgery or SRS appeared to benefit from adjuvant ICI therapy, particularly with combination therapy. Recurrences in this setting appear to largely occur intracranially.","journal":"The Oncologist","year":2020,"id":112057,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8109,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":530716,"name":"Elisa Funck‐Brentano","orcid":"0000-0002-1092-0789","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530717,"name":"Khang Nguyen","orcid":"0009-0004-7139-5692","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530718,"name":"Suthee Rapisuwon","orcid":"0000-0002-1389-925X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236815,"name":"Joe‐Elie Salem","orcid":"0000-0002-0331-3307","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":530719,"name":"Geoffrey T. Gibney","orcid":"0000-0002-5401-8498","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":68924,"name":"Matteo S. Carlino","orcid":"0000-0002-7861-4104","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":28327,"name":"Douglas B. Johnson","orcid":"0000-0002-6390-773X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275860,"name":"James R. Patrinely","orcid":"0000-0002-0979-1625","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":10,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:13:09.353152Z","pmid":"33225544","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}