{"doi":"10.1002/oby.24252","title":"Time‐restricted eating, caloric reduction, and unrestricted eating effects on weight and metabolism: a randomized trial","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Metabolic improvements may precede weight loss. We compared the effects of self-selected 8-h time-restricted eating (TRE), 15% caloric restriction (CR), and unrestricted eating (UE) on weight, body composition, caloric intake, glycemic measures, and metabolic flexibility. METHODS: In this 12-week randomized-controlled trial, we measured weight (primary outcome), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry/magnetic resonance imaging), caloric intake (24-h recall), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and glycemic measures (hemoglobin A1c, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, continuous glucose monitoring). RESULTS: ; 54.5% female, 84.1% White). Final eating windows were 9.8 h (95% CI: 9.0 to 10.6) for TRE, 12.9 h (95% CI: 11.9 to 13.9) for CR, and 11.8 h (95% CI: 11.0 to 12.7) for UE. Compared with UE (n = 29), weight changes were -1.4 kg (95% CI: -4.5 to 1.7; p = 0.53) with TRE (n = 30) and -2.5 kg (95% CI: -5.8 to 0.8; p = 0.18) with CR (n = 29). TRE showed lower metabolic flexibility than CR (-0.041 [95% CI: -0.080 to -0.002]). Weight, body composition, caloric intake, and glycemic measures were similar among groups. Eating window reduction correlated with decreased caloric intake and visceral fat. CONCLUSIONS: In a 12-week intervention, TRE did not lead to significant improvements in weight, average body composition, or glycemic or metabolic measures compared with CR or UE.","journal":"Obesity","year":2025,"id":510285,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":242842,"name":"Douglas G. 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Bolan","orcid":"0000-0002-4194-3975","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235337,"name":"Bryan C. Bergman","orcid":"0000-0002-9561-1052","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":561813,"name":"Erika S. Helgeson","orcid":"0000-0001-5170-7100","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":407408,"name":"Satchidananda Panda","orcid":"0000-0002-7855-0091","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":402155,"name":"Lisa S. Chow","orcid":"0000-0002-6210-2307","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":549899,"name":"Niki Oldenburg","orcid":"0000-0001-9438-4591","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":21,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:47:36.538276Z","pmid":"39973006","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}