{"doi":"10.1002/oby.23749","title":"Evening types as determined by subjective and objective measures are more emotional eaters","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association between being an evening type (ET; defined subjectively by the Morning-Evening Questionnaire or objectively by the dim-light melatonin onset [DLMO] timing) and reporting emotional eating (EE) behaviors. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 3964 participants (four international cohorts: ONTIME and ONTIME-MT [both Spain], SHIFT [the US], and DICACEM [Mexico]), in which chronotype (Morning-Evening Questionnaire), EE behaviors (Emotional Eating Questionnaire), and dietary habits (dietary records or food-frequency questionnaire) were assessed. Among 162 participants (ONTIME-MT subsample), additional measures of DLMO (physiological gold standard of circadian phase) were available. RESULTS: In three populations, ETs presented with a higher EE score than morning types (p < 0.02); and they made up a higher proportion of emotional eaters (p < 0.01). ETs presented with higher scores on disinhibition/overeating as well as food craving factors and experienced these behaviors more frequently than morning types (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a meta-analysis showed that being an ET was associated with a higher EE score by 1.52 points of a total of 30 points (95% CI: 0.89-2.14). The timing of DLMO in the early, intermediate, and late objective chronotypes occurred at 21:02 h, 22:12 h, and 23:37 h, with late types showing a higher EE score (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Eveningness associated with EE in populations with different cultural, environmental, and genetic backgrounds. Individuals with late DLMO also showed more EE.","journal":"Obesity","year":2023,"id":328898,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9314,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1050903,"name":"Bárbara Vizmanos","orcid":"0000-0003-0680-0802","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1050904,"name":"Teresa Muela","orcid":"0000-0002-2710-3793","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1050905,"name":"Alejandra Betancourt‐Núñez","orcid":"0000-0001-6592-3031","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1050906,"name":"María‐Ángeles Bonmatí‐Carrión","orcid":"0000-0002-9050-6448","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326875,"name":"Céline Vetter","orcid":"0000-0002-3752-1067","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263055,"name":"Hassan S. Dashti","orcid":"0000-0002-1650-679X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249993,"name":"Richa Saxena","orcid":"0000-0003-2233-1065","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249994,"name":"Frank A. J. L. Scheer","orcid":"0000-0002-2014-7582","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249990,"name":"Marta Garaulet","orcid":"0000-0002-4066-3509","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:08:56.940647Z","pmid":"37140408","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}