{"doi":"10.1002/oby.23347","title":"Trends in spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure among adults in a respiratory chamber, 1985 to 2005","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Fidgeting, a type of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), has substantial thermogenic potential. This research aims to examine secular trends in SPA and energy expenditure (EE) inside a respiratory chamber. METHODS: From 1985 to 2005, healthy adults (n = 678; mean age: 28.8 years; men: 60%; 522 Indigenous American, 129 White, and 27 Black) had a 24-hour stay in the respiratory chamber equipped with radar sensors. Body composition, glucose tolerance, fasting insulin, insulin action (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) were measured as covariates. RESULTS: SPA, adjusted for age, sex, race, and body composition, declined (r = -0.30, p < 0.0001), with a concomitant rise in the energy cost of SPA (r = 0.30, p < 0.0001). The 24-hour EE adjusted for covariates increased (r = 0.31, p < 0.0001), which was reflected in increases in EE during sleep (r = 0.18, p < 0.0001) and during the awake, fed condition (r = 0.28, p < 0.0001). The secular trends in SPA or 24-hour EE were unchanged with adjustment for measures related to glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Secular trend analyses showed a decline in fidgeting. However, this decline in SPA was partially counterbalanced by an increase in energy cost of this activity and a rise in EE. Nevertheless, our results support public health efforts to promote small but sustained changes in these behaviors.","journal":"Obesity","year":2022,"id":287219,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7347,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":339506,"name":"Takafumi Ando","orcid":"0000-0003-0357-2939","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445466,"name":"Emma J. Stinson","orcid":"0000-0003-4875-7048","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260540,"name":"Jonathan Krakoff","orcid":"0000-0001-6074-5600","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":445467,"name":"Marci E. Gluck","orcid":"0000-0002-6284-9953","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260537,"name":"Paolo Piaggi","orcid":"0000-0003-2774-9161","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":366152,"name":"Douglas C. Chang","orcid":"0000-0003-4591-9056","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":967283,"name":"Katherine T. Travis","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:56.781756Z","pmid":"35128809","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}