{"doi":"10.1002/oby.23228","title":"Maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in association with autism and developmental disorders in offspring","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Maternal prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) are examined in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disorders (DD) in offspring in a multisite case-control study. METHODS: Maternal prepregnancy BMI, obtained from medical records or self-report, was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity Class 1, or obesity Class 2/3. GWG was standardized for gestational age (GWG z score), and the rate (pounds/week) was categorized per adherence with clinical recommendations. Logistic regression models, adjusting for demographic factors, were used to assess associations with ASD (n = 1,159) and DD (n = 1,617), versus control children (n = 1,633). RESULTS: Maternal obesity Class 2/3 was associated with ASD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.40-2.51) and DD (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.22-2.13). GWG z score was not associated with DD (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.95-1.36), but the GWG z score highest tertile was associated with higher odds of ASD, particularly among male children (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.15-1.88). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that maternal prepregnancy severe obesity increases risk of ASD and DD in children and suggest high gestational-age-adjusted GWG is a risk factor for ASD in male children. Because maternal BMI and GWG are routinely measured and potentially modifiable, these findings could inform early interventions for high-risk mother-child dyads.","journal":"Obesity","year":2021,"id":163391,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":42,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6619,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":501159,"name":"Michelle Pearl","orcid":"0000-0001-8812-4283","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289392,"name":"Kristen Lyall","orcid":"0000-0002-4633-0799","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275581,"name":"Lisa Croen","orcid":"0000-0001-7849-9428","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":372104,"name":"Tanja V.E. Kral","orcid":"0000-0002-9324-0294","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":684050,"name":"Daniele Fallin","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":656519,"name":"Li‐Ching Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-7803-6850","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":598392,"name":"Chyrise Bradley","orcid":"0000-0001-5264-4340","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271555,"name":"Laura A. Schieve","orcid":"0000-0003-1215-0682","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420721,"name":"Gayle C. Windham","orcid":"0000-0002-3882-8343","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":683054,"name":"Susana L Matias","orcid":"0000-0002-3635-7445","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:45:22.477398Z","pmid":"34347372","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}