{"doi":"10.1002/oby.23102","title":"Association of Usual Sodium Intake with Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2009‐2016","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of sodium intake with obesity in US children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were analyzed for 9,026 children and adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2016. Usual sodium intake was estimated from 24-hour dietary recalls using a measurement error model. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of sodium intake with overweight/obesity, obesity, and central obesity (waist to height ratio [WtHR] ≥ 0.5; waist circumferences (WC) ≥ age- and sex-specific 90th percentile). RESULTS: Mean (SE) sodium intake was 3,010 (9) and 3,404 (20) mg/d for children and adolescents, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) comparing Q4 versus Q1 (87.5th vs. 12.5th percentile of sodium intake) among children was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.19-3.28) for overweight/obesity, 2.20 (1.30-3.73) for obesity, 2.10 (1.12-3.95) for WC ≥ 90th percentile, and 1.68 (0.95-2.97) for WtHR ≥ 0.5, adjusting for demographics, energy, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Among adolescents, AOR was 1.81 (0.98-3.37) for overweight/obesity, 1.71 (0.82-3.56) for obesity, 1.62 (0.71-3.66) for WC ≥ 90th percentile, and 1.73 (0.85-3.50) for WtHR ≥ 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium intake was positively associated with overweight/obesity, obesity, and central obesity among US children independent of energy and SSB intake, but the association did not reach significance among adolescents.","journal":"Obesity","year":2021,"id":177064,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6149,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":40906,"name":"Cynthia L. Ogden","orcid":"0000-0003-1147-7157","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":78318,"name":"Quanhe Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-1706-7987","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230978,"name":"Sandra L. Jackson","orcid":"0000-0003-4810-0572","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":35951,"name":"Catherine M. Loria","orcid":"0000-0002-1303-5208","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16812,"name":"Deborah A. Galuska","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":379161,"name":"Jennifer L. Wiltz","orcid":"0000-0003-2129-985X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247236,"name":"Robert Merritt","orcid":"0000-0001-7688-8112","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385983,"name":"Mary E. Cogswell","orcid":"0000-0001-6032-3774","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385981,"name":"Lixia Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-9217-5398","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:28.018172Z","pmid":"33528899","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}