{"doi":"10.1002/mrm.70076","title":"Simultaneous in vivo detection of spectrally resolved glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione at 3  <scp>T</scp> with <scp>NAA</scp> ‐aspartyl editing and <scp>echo‐time</scp> optimization","abstract":"Abstract Purpose To achieve spectrally resolved in vivo detection of glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione at 3 T. Methods Difference editing of N‐acetylaspartate CH 2 protons (NAA‐CH 2 ) combined with a new echo‐time (TE) optimization approach is introduced. Difference editing was used to detect NAA‐CH 2 independently of NAA‐CH 3 , thereby eliminating systematic errors arising from constrained fitting of the entire NAA molecule. Numerical optimization of TE and TE 1 minimized interference from highly dominant glutamate in glutamine detection in the ON/OFF sum spectrum. In vivo data were acquired from 6 healthy participants, including 2 who underwent oral administration of [U‐ 13 C]glucose. Results The NAA‐aspartyl‐edited, cleaned‐up in vivo spectrum showed distinct separation of glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione peaks at 3 T, facilitating spectral quantification and clinical applications. The post‐ 13 C proton MR‐spectroscopy spectra clearly demonstrated the dynamic 13 C‐labeling of glutamate C4 following oral [U‐ 13 C]glucose intake. Conclusion This technique enables simultaneous spectral resolution of glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione peaks at 3 T using difference editing of NAA‐CH 2 and an optimized TE of 85 ms. Additionally, it demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of measuring 13 C turnovers of spectrally resolved glutamate at 3 T with the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of proton MR spectroscopy.","journal":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":2025,"id":574459,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9542,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT01266577 and NCT00109174"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":942077,"name":"Sungtak Hong","orcid":"0000-0003-4734-7282","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1197562,"name":"Tara Turon","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":953253,"name":"Adriana J. Pavletic","orcid":"0000-0001-7925-2937","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":794754,"name":"Christopher S. Johnson","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":455325,"name":"Jun Shen","orcid":"0000-0003-3545-059X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513362,"name":"Li An","orcid":"0000-0001-8979-852X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:40.686992Z","pmid":"40922087","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}