{"doi":"10.1002/mrm.30566","title":"Vendor‐agnostic <scp>3D</scp> multiparametric relaxometry improves cross‐platform reproducibility","abstract":"Abstract Purpose To address the unmet need for a cross‐platform, multiparametric relaxometry technique to facilitate data harmonization across different sites. Methods A simultaneous T 1 and T 2 mapping technique, 3D quantification using an interleaved Look–Locker acquisition sequence with a T 2 preparation pulse (3D‐QALAS), was implemented using the open‐source vendor‐agnostic Pulseq platform. The technique was tested on four 3 T scanners from two vendors across two sites, evaluating cross‐scanner, cross‐software version, cross‐site, and cross‐vendor variability. The cross‐vendor reproducibility was assessed using both the vendor‐native and Pulseq‐based implementations. A National Institute of Standards and Technology/International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine system phantom and three human subjects were evaluated. The acquired T 1 and T 2 maps from the different 3D‐QALAS runs were compared using linear regression, Bland–Altman plots, coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Pulseq‐QALAS demonstrated high linearity ( R 2 = 0.994 for T 1 , R 2 = 0.999 for T 2 ) and correlation (ICC = 0.99 [0.98–0.99]) against temperature‐corrected NMR reference values in the system phantom. Compared to vendor‐native sequences, the Pulseq implementation showed significantly higher reproducibility in phantom T 2 values (CV, 2.3% vs. 17%; p &lt; 0.001), and improved T 1 reproducibility (CV, 3.4% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.71, not significant). The Pulseq implementation reduced cross‐vendor variability to a level comparable to cross‐scanner (within‐vendor) variability. In vivo, Pulseq‐QALAS exhibited reduced cross‐vendor variability, particularly for T 2 values in gray matter with a twofold reduction in variability (CV, 2.3 vs. 5.9%; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion An identical implementation across different scanners and vendors, combined with consistent reconstruction and fitting pipelines, can improve relaxometry measurement reproducibility across platforms.","journal":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":2025,"id":514744,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9591,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":351659,"name":"Borjan Gagoski","orcid":"0000-0003-3777-2621","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":431767,"name":"Jon‐Fredrik Nielsen","orcid":"0000-0002-2058-3579","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":516415,"name":"Maxim Zaitsev","orcid":"0000-0001-7530-1228","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618922,"name":"Yohan Jun","orcid":"0000-0003-4787-4760","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":802919,"name":"Jaejin Cho","orcid":"0000-0001-5672-6765","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1378804,"name":"Xingwang Yong","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1378119,"name":"Quentin Uhl","orcid":"0000-0002-9160-4605","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":970339,"name":"Pengcheng Xu","orcid":"0000-0001-8596-9555","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422374,"name":"Eugene Milshteyn","orcid":"0000-0003-0213-7003","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1221483,"name":"Imam Ahmed Shaik","orcid":"0009-0000-2849-8849","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1221482,"name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"0009-0007-6818-0115","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":70802,"name":"Qingping Chen","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345434,"name":"Onur Afacan","orcid":"0000-0003-2112-3205","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307821,"name":"John E. 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