{"doi":"10.1002/mrm.29299","title":"Metabolism of oxygen via <scp>T<sub>2</sub></scp> and interleaved velocity encoding: A rapid method to quantify whole‐brain cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen","abstract":"Purpose Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) is an important biomarker of brain function. Key physiological parameters required to quantify CMRO 2 include blood flow rate in the feeding arteries and venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2 ) in the draining vein. Here, a pulse sequence, metabolism of oxygen via T 2 and interleaved velocity encoding (MOTIVE), was developed to measure both parameters simultaneously and enable CMRO 2 quantification in a single pass. Methods The MOTIVE sequence interleaves a phase‐contrast module between a nonselective saturation and a background‐suppressed T 2 ‐prepared EPI readout (BGS‐EPI) to measure T 2 of blood water protons and cerebral blood flow in 20 s or less. The MOTIVE and standalone BGS‐EPI sequences were compared against TRUST (“T 2 relaxation under spin tagging”) in the brain in healthy subjects ( N = 24). Variants of MOTIVE to enhance resolution or shorten scan time were explored. Intrasession and intersession reproducibility studies were performed. Results MOTIVE experiments yielded an average SvO 2 of 61 ± 6% in the superior sagittal sinus of the brain and an average cerebral blood flow of 56 ± 10 ml/min/100 g. The bias in SvO 2 of MOTIVE and BGS‐EPI to TRUST was +2 ± 4% and +1 ± 3%, respectively. The bias in cerebral blood flow of MOTIVE to Cartesian phase‐contrast reference was +1 ± 6 ml/min/100 g. Conclusions The MOTIVE sequence is an advance over existing T 2 ‐based oximetric methods. It does not require a control image and simultaneously measures SvO 2 and flow velocity. The measurements agree well with TRUST and reference phase‐contrast sequences. This noninvasive technique enables CMRO 2 quantification in under 20 s and is reproducible for in vivo applications.","journal":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":2022,"id":282382,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9552,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":365026,"name":"Michael C. Langham","orcid":"0000-0002-8733-1317","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388496,"name":"Cheng‐Chieh Cheng","orcid":"0000-0001-5833-5661","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329906,"name":"Félix W. Wehrli","orcid":"0000-0003-3430-1840","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":958361,"name":"Rajiv S. Deshpande","orcid":"0000-0002-1232-0875","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:19.691592Z","pmid":"35699155","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}