{"doi":"10.1002/mrm.28928","title":"Noninvasive quantification of cerebrovascular pressure changes using 4D Flow MRI","abstract":"Purpose Hemodynamic alterations are indicative of cerebrovascular disease. However, the narrow and tortuous cerebrovasculature complicates image‐based assessment, especially when quantifying relative pressure. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of image‐based cerebrovascular relative pressure mapping, investigating the accuracy of the routinely used reduced Bernoulli (RB), the extended unsteady Bernoulli (UB), and the full‐field virtual work‐energy relative pressure ( WERP) method. Methods Patient‐specific in silico models were used to generate synthetic cerebrovascular 4D Flow MRI, with RB, UB, and WERP performance quantified as a function of spatiotemporal sampling and image noise. Cerebrovascular relative pressures were also derived in 4D Flow MRI from healthy volunteers ( ), acquired at two spatial resolutions ( dx = 1.1 and 0.8 mm). Results The in silico analysis indicate that accurate relative pressure estimations are inherently coupled to spatial sampling: at dx = 1.0 mm high errors are reported for all methods; at dx = 0.5 mm WERP recovers relative pressures at a mean error of 0.02 ± 0.25 mm Hg, while errors remain higher for RB and UB (mean error of −2.18 ± 1.91 and −2.18 ± 1.87 mm Hg, respectively). The dependence on spatial sampling is also indicated in vivo, albeit with higher correlative dependence between resolutions using WERP ( k = 0.64, R 2 = 0.81 for dx = 1.1 vs. 0.8 mm) than with RB or UB ( k = 0.04, R 2 = 0.03, and k = 0.07, R 2 = 0.07, respectively). Conclusion Image‐based full‐field methods such as WERP enable cerebrovascular relative pressure mapping; however, accuracy is directly dependent on utilized spatial resolution.","journal":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":2021,"id":176660,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9555,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":555512,"name":"Jonas Schollenberger","orcid":"0000-0002-9245-3984","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449801,"name":"Maria Aristova","orcid":"0000-0002-9330-9415","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355258,"name":"Edward Ferdian","orcid":"0000-0002-7900-9053","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":719399,"name":"Yue Ma","orcid":"0000-0002-2273-4983","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":96477,"name":"Alistair A. Young","orcid":"0000-0001-5702-4220","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":12687,"name":"Elazer R. Edelman","orcid":"0000-0002-7832-7156","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449803,"name":"Susanne Schnell","orcid":"0000-0001-6009-4756","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340380,"name":"C. Alberto Figueroa","orcid":"0000-0002-3934-6506","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425829,"name":"David Nordsletten","orcid":"0000-0002-5363-4715","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":495782,"name":"David Marlevi","orcid":"0000-0003-1002-2070","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":66,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:23.605867Z","pmid":"34431550","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}