{"doi":"10.1002/mrm.28805","title":"Magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion mapping by arterial spin labeling using Fourier transform–based velocity‐selective pulse trains: Examination on a commercial perfusion phantom","abstract":"PURPOSE: Benchmarking of flow and perfusion MR techniques on standardized phantoms can facilitate the use of advanced angiography and perfusion-mapping techniques across multiple sites, field strength, and vendors. Here, MRA and perfusion mapping by arterial spin labeling (ASL) using Fourier transform (FT)-based velocity-selective saturation and inversion pulse trains were evaluated on a commercial perfusion phantom. METHODS: The FT velocity-selective saturation-based MRA and FT velocity-selective inversion-based ASL perfusion imaging were compared with time-of-flight and pseudo-continuous ASL at 3 T on the perfusion phantom at two controlled flow rates, 175 mL/min and 350 mL/min. Velocity-selective MRA (VSMRA) and velocity-selective ASL (VSASL) were each performed with three velocity-encoding directions: foot-head, left-right, and oblique 45°. The contrast-to-noise ratio for MRA scans and perfusion-weighted signal, as well as labeling efficiency for ASL methods, were quantified. RESULTS: On this phantom with feeding tubes having only vertical and transverse flow directions, VSMRA and VSASL exhibited the dependence of velocity-encoding directions. The foot-head-encoded VSMRA and VSASL generated similar signal contrasts as time of flight and pseudo-continuous ASL for the two flow rates, respectively. The oblique 45°-encoded VSMRA yielded more uniform contrast-to-noise ratio across slices than foot-head and left-right-encoded VSMRA scans. The oblique 45°-encoded VSASL elevated labeling efficiency from 0.22-0.68 to 0.82-0.90 through more uniform labeling of the entire feeding tubes. CONCLUSION: Both FT velocity-selective saturation-based VSMRA and FT velocity-selective inversion-based VSASL were characterized on a commercial perfusion phantom. Careful selection of velocity-encoding directions along the major vessels is recommended for their applications in various organs.","journal":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":2021,"id":198386,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9553,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":409992,"name":"Dan Zhu","orcid":"0000-0002-0940-1519","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":492365,"name":"Hongli Fan","orcid":"0000-0002-7938-1875","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":57482,"name":"Hanzhang Lu","orcid":"0000-0003-3871-1564","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504589,"name":"Dapeng Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-4432-3202","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344982,"name":"Wenbo Li","orcid":"0000-0002-0199-1534","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271394,"name":"Qin Qin","orcid":"0000-0002-6432-2944","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504590,"name":"Feng Xu","orcid":"0000-0001-7958-3787","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:31.857233Z","pmid":"33934396","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}