{"doi":"10.1002/mrm.26069","title":"The effect of dissolved oxygen on the relaxation rates of blood plasma: Implications for hyperoxia calibrated BOLD","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>To determine the contribution of paramagnetic dissolved oxygen in blood plasma to blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal changes in hyperoxic calibrated BOLD studies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Bovine blood plasma samples were prepared with partial pressures of oxygen (pO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) ranging from 110 to 600 mmHg. R<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>, R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> of the plasma with dissolved oxygen were measured using quantitative MRI sequences at 3 Tesla. Simulations were performed to predict the relative effects of dissolved oxygen and deoxyhemoglobin changes in hyperoxia calibrated BOLD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The relaxivities of dissolved oxygen in plasma were found to be r<jats:sub>1,</jats:sub> <jats:sub>O2</jats:sub> =1.97 ± 0.09 ×10<jats:sup>‐4</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>mmHg<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>, r<jats:sub>2,</jats:sub> <jats:sub>O2</jats:sub> =2.3 ± 0.7 ×10<jats:sup>‐4</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>mmHg<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>, and r<jats:sub>2,</jats:sub> <jats:sub>O2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> = 2.3 ± 0.7 ×10<jats:sup>‐4</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>mmHg<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>. Simulations predict that neither the transverse nor longitudinal relaxation rates of dissolved oxygen contribute significantly to the BOLD signal during hyperoxia.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>During hyperoxia, the increases in R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> of blood from dissolved oxygen in plasma are considerably less than the decreases in R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> from venous deoxyhemoglobin. R<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> effects due to dissolved oxygen are also predicted to be negligible. As a result, dissolved oxygen in arteries should not contribute significantly to the hyperoxic calibrated BOLD signal. Magn Reson Med 76:1905–1911, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":2016,"id":612866,"datarank":0.515098080672772,"base_score":3.4339872044851463,"endowment":3.4339872044851463,"self_citation_contribution":0.515098080672772,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.515098080672772,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":30,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1578218,"name":"Avery J.L. Berman","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277087,"name":"G. Bruce Pike","orcid":"0000-0001-8924-683X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497588,"name":"Yuhan Ma","orcid":"0000-0001-7025-7539","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"The effect of dissolved oxygen on the relaxation rates of blood plasma: Implications for hyperoxia calibrated BOLD","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>To determine the contribution of paramagnetic dissolved oxygen in blood plasma to blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal changes in hyperoxic calibrated BOLD studies.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Bovine blood plasma samples were prepared with partial pressures of oxygen (pO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) ranging from 110 to 600 mmHg. R<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>, R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> of the plasma with dissolved oxygen were measured using quantitative MRI sequences at 3 Tesla. Simulations were performed to predict the relative effects of dissolved oxygen and deoxyhemoglobin changes in hyperoxia calibrated BOLD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The relaxivities of dissolved oxygen in plasma were found to be r<jats:sub>1,</jats:sub> <jats:sub>O2</jats:sub> =1.97 ± 0.09 ×10<jats:sup>‐4</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>mmHg<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>, r<jats:sub>2,</jats:sub> <jats:sub>O2</jats:sub> =2.3 ± 0.7 ×10<jats:sup>‐4</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>mmHg<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>, and r<jats:sub>2,</jats:sub> <jats:sub>O2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> = 2.3 ± 0.7 ×10<jats:sup>‐4</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>mmHg<jats:sup>‐1</jats:sup>. Simulations predict that neither the transverse nor longitudinal relaxation rates of dissolved oxygen contribute significantly to the BOLD signal during hyperoxia.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>During hyperoxia, the increases in R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> of blood from dissolved oxygen in plasma are considerably less than the decreases in R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and R<jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:sup>*</jats:sup> from venous deoxyhemoglobin. R<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> effects due to dissolved oxygen are also predicted to be negligible. As a result, dissolved oxygen in arteries should not contribute significantly to the hyperoxic calibrated BOLD signal. 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