{"doi":"10.1002/mds.27318","title":"Distinct progression pattern of susceptibility MRI in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's patients","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Susceptibility MRI may capture Parkinson's disease‐related pathology. This study delineated longitudinal changes in different substantia nigra regions.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> Seventy‐two PD patients and 62 controls were studied at both baseline and after 18 months with MRI. R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping values from the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata were calculated. Mixed‐effects models compared controls with PD or PD subgroups having different disease durations: early (&lt;1 year), middle (&lt;5 years, middle‐stage PD), and late (&gt;5 years, late‐stage PD). Pearson's correlation assessed associations between imaging and clinical measures.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> At baseline, R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping were higher in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata in all PD patients (group effect, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.003). Longitudinally, the substantia nigra pars compacta R2* showed a faster increase in PD compared with controls (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002), whereas quantitative susceptibility mapping did not (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.668). The substantia nigra pars reticulata R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping did not differ between PD and controls (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≥ 0.084), although both decreased longitudinally (time effect, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.004). Baseline substantia nigra pars compacta R2* was higher in all PD subgroups (group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.006), but showed a significantly faster increase only in later‐stage PD (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) that correlated with changes in nonmotor symptoms (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.746, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002). Baseline substantia nigra pars reticulata quantitative susceptibility mapping was higher in middle‐stage PD and later‐stage PD (group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.002), but showed a longitudinal decrease (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.004) only in later‐stage PD that correlated with changes in motor signs (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.837, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:</jats:bold> Susceptibility MRI revealed distinct patterns of PD progression in the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The different patterns are particularly clear in later‐stage patients. These findings may resolve past controversies and have implications in the pathophysiological processes during PD progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</jats:p>","journal":"Movement Disorders","year":2018,"id":675536,"datarank":3.428032639568597,"base_score":4.61512051684126,"endowment":4.61512051684126,"self_citation_contribution":0.692268077526189,"citation_network_contribution":2.7357645620424083,"self_endowment_contribution":0.692268077526189,"citer_contribution":2.7357645620424083,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":100,"citer_count":84,"citers_with_citation_signal":74,"citers_with_endowment":74,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":268526,"name":"Mechelle M. Lewis","orcid":"0000-0002-1375-689X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765054,"name":"Christopher Sica","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":687079,"name":"Lu He","orcid":"0000-0002-0391-0208","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320855,"name":"James R. Connor","orcid":"0000-0003-0481-8240","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":507075,"name":"Lan Kong","orcid":"0000-0001-6098-9445","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":367691,"name":"Richard B. Mailman","orcid":"0000-0003-1353-2738","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268532,"name":"Xuemei Huang","orcid":"0000-0003-3583-5502","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267446,"name":"Guangwei Du","orcid":"0000-0003-4193-6975","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Distinct progression pattern of susceptibility MRI in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's patients","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Susceptibility MRI may capture Parkinson's disease‐related pathology. This study delineated longitudinal changes in different substantia nigra regions.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> Seventy‐two PD patients and 62 controls were studied at both baseline and after 18 months with MRI. R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping values from the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata were calculated. Mixed‐effects models compared controls with PD or PD subgroups having different disease durations: early (&lt;1 year), middle (&lt;5 years, middle‐stage PD), and late (&gt;5 years, late‐stage PD). Pearson's correlation assessed associations between imaging and clinical measures.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> At baseline, R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping were higher in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata in all PD patients (group effect, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.003). Longitudinally, the substantia nigra pars compacta R2* showed a faster increase in PD compared with controls (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002), whereas quantitative susceptibility mapping did not (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.668). The substantia nigra pars reticulata R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping did not differ between PD and controls (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≥ 0.084), although both decreased longitudinally (time effect, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.004). Baseline substantia nigra pars compacta R2* was higher in all PD subgroups (group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.006), but showed a significantly faster increase only in later‐stage PD (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) that correlated with changes in nonmotor symptoms (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.746, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002). Baseline substantia nigra pars reticulata quantitative susceptibility mapping was higher in middle‐stage PD and later‐stage PD (group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> ≤ 0.002), but showed a longitudinal decrease (time × group, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.004) only in later‐stage PD that correlated with changes in motor signs (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.837, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:</jats:bold> Susceptibility MRI revealed distinct patterns of PD progression in the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The different patterns are particularly clear in later‐stage patients. These findings may resolve past controversies and have implications in the pathophysiological processes during PD progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.61512051684126,"endowment":4.61512051684126,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"29756399","pmcid":"PMC6185755","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2804998168","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","grant_id":"NS060722","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Center for Research Resources","grant_id":"UL1 RR033184","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","grant_id":"UL1 TR000127","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 NS060722","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 NS082151","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCATS NIH HHS","grant_id":"UL1 TR002014","title":null},{"funder_name":"Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Program","grant_id":"NS082151","title":null},{"funder_name":"Department of Health Tobacco CURE Funds","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"PA","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"PA Department of Health Tobacco CURE Funds","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Department of Health Tobacco CURE Funds","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"PA Department of Health Tobacco CURE Funds","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":12,"fwci":6.8521,"citation_percentile":0.97519552,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":6},{"year":2019,"count":8},{"year":2020,"count":11},{"year":2021,"count":19},{"year":2022,"count":11},{"year":2023,"count":8},{"year":2024,"count":16},{"year":2025,"count":13},{"year":2026,"count":8}],"oa_status":"green","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1437062","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1437062","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fmds.27318","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mds.27318","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/mds.27318","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/mds.27318","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mds.27318","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27318","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29756399","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6185755","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","Neurological disorders and treatments","Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","Aged","Correlation of Data","Disease Progression","Female","Humans","Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","Longitudinal Studies","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Male","Middle Aged","Parkinson Disease","Substantia Nigra"],"mesh_terms":["Correlation of Data","Aged","Female","Humans","Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","Longitudinal Studies","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Male","Middle Aged","Parkinson Disease","Substantia Nigra","Disease Progression"],"keywords":["Substantia nigra","Pars compacta","Parkinson's disease","Pars reticulata","Internal medicine","Medicine","Pathology","Psychology","Disease","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping","Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (Snc)","Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata (Snr)"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-17T01:12:14.842686Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}