{"doi":"10.1002/mdc3.14285","title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Supplementary Motor Area in Tourette Syndrome","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the supplementary motor area (SMA) has shown promise in Tourette syndrome (TS), but previous studies were limited in size and stimulation duration. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the efficacy and safety of multiple sessions of cathodal tDCS over the bilateral SMA on tic severity in TS. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial 1 mA cathodal tDCS over bilateral SMA was performed in participants with TS older than 16 years. The intervention involved two 20-min periods of stimulation with either sham or active tDCS per day, over 5 consecutive days, during which participants actively suppressed tics. Tic severity was measured using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic Severity (YGTSS-TTS, primary outcome) score at baseline, day 5 (visit 5), and 1 week later (visit 6). Questionnaires focusing on comorbidities were performed at baseline and visit 6. RESULTS: Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned (12 active, 12 sham; 8 women; median age: 26). We observed a significant effect of visit on YGTSS-TSS, but no significant effect of treatment or treatment × visit interaction emerged. In contrast, a statistically significant effect of the treatment × visit interaction was observed for the motor tic subscore, with significantly larger improvement in the active arm. Furthermore, we detected a significantly larger decrease in premonitory urge intensity at visit 6 after active stimulation. No effect was detected on severity of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that bilateral tDCS over the SMA provides small, but significant benefits in reducing motor tic severity in TS.","journal":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice","year":2024,"id":443787,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9552,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":383752,"name":"Natalia Szejko","orcid":"0000-0001-6160-9221","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1258450,"name":"Liu Shi Gan","orcid":"0000-0001-7131-0506","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1258960,"name":"Janet Adesewa Adeoti","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267971,"name":"Michael A. Nitsche","orcid":"0000-0002-2207-5965","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1258451,"name":"Carmelo M. Vicario","orcid":"0000-0001-7557-9078","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1092415,"name":"Tamara Pringsheim","orcid":"0000-0002-8229-8431","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":852468,"name":"Davide Martino","orcid":"0000-0002-2217-0487","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1258449,"name":"Yasamin Mahjoub","orcid":"0000-0003-0898-3307","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:29.001453Z","pmid":"39614604","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}