{"doi":"10.1002/mdc3.14235","title":"External Factors Modulating Pain and Pain‐Related Functional Impairment in Cervical Dystonia","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Little is known about factors modulating pain and pain-related functional impairment in isolated cervical dystonia (CD). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the prevalence and interrelationship between pain-modulating factors and pain-related determinants of functional impairment and quality of life in CD. METHODS: We analyzed pain-aggravating and pain-relieving external factors, the degree of pain-related functional impact on routine activities, and the relationship between these and pain severity, using cross-sectional data collected using the Pain in Dystonia Scale (PIDS) from 85 participants with CD. Pairwise correlation analyses and age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models estimated the relationship between pain-modulating factors and pain severity, and the impact of pain severity, dystonia severity, and psychiatric symptoms on pain-related functional impairment and disease-specific quality of life (measured using the Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire-24). RESULTS: Stress and prolonged fixed position were the most frequent and impacting pain triggers, with women reporting larger impact. The average impact of pain-relieving factors was lower than that of pain triggers. Physical exercise and social gatherings were the most impacted activities by pain in CD. The intensity of external modulating factors was a predictor of pain severity. Severity of pain, CD, and psychiatric symptoms independently predicted pain-related functional impairment, whereas quality of life was predicted by pain severity, pain-related functional impairment, and psychiatric symptom severity, but not dystonia severity. CONCLUSION: The PIDS provides insight into external modulation and functional impact of pain in CD. The pattern of external modulation of pain in CD is in line with a multifactorial modulation and complex physiology.","journal":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice","year":2024,"id":472240,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9458,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1307742,"name":"Beatrice Achen","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255833,"name":"Francesca Morgante","orcid":"0000-0002-9834-3639","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1233111,"name":"Roberto Erro","orcid":"0000-0002-7800-7419","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245790,"name":"Susan H. Fox","orcid":"0009-0004-7568-1645","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255820,"name":"Mark J. Edwards","orcid":"0000-0002-8283-9015","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":92196,"name":"Anette Schrag","orcid":"0000-0002-9872-6680","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1037011,"name":"María Stamelou","orcid":"0000-0003-1668-9925","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1030684,"name":"Silke Appel‐Cresswell","orcid":"0000-0002-5986-1468","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":699041,"name":"Giovanni Defazio","orcid":"0000-0002-8221-439X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":656916,"name":"К. Ray Chaudhuri","orcid":"0000-0003-2815-0505","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1307341,"name":"Karolina Popławska-Domaszewicz","orcid":"0000-0002-9154-389X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":422973,"name":"Sarah Pirio Richardson","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350763,"name":"Hyder A. Jinnah","orcid":"0000-0003-1531-3969","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1307342,"name":"Verónica Bruno","orcid":"0000-0003-2378-6328","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":852468,"name":"Davide Martino","orcid":"0000-0002-2217-0487","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:53.032464Z","pmid":"39440662","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}