{"doi":"10.1002/jso.28084","title":"Trends in Immunotherapy (IO) Use and Survival Among Patients With High‐Incidence Stage IV Cancers Across the United States","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: IO has transformed cancer management, but its adoption in advanced cancer patients varies by tumor type. With more Stage IV patients undergoing surgery, understanding site-specific outcomes in these challenging patients is essential. We aimed to evaluate IO use and survival trends for Stage IV cancer patients across high-incidence cancers in the US. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with Stage IV prostate, breast, melanoma, colorectal, renal, bladder, lung, or pancreas cancer were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2020). Cochrane-Armitage test and Kaplan-Meier methods assessed IO and overall survival across three periods: 2004-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2020. RESULTS: Among 1 425 731 Stage IV cancer patients, most had lung (50.0%), pancreas (12.5%), and breast cancer (9.3%), while the least had melanoma (2.2%). From periods 1 to 3, IO use increased from 1.0% to 24.6%, notably in melanoma (9.5% to 58.5%, p < 0.001). Melanoma exhibited the greatest survival gains (median survival: 7.1 to 14.9 months). Absolute increases in 3-year overall survival rates ranged from 3.4% in pancreas (1.7% to 5.1%) to 21.4% in melanoma (15.7% to 37.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of IO is tumor-site specific and associated with improved survival rates for Stage IV cancer, with varied success across types. Variations in receipt highlight ongoing challenges to ensure equitable adoption.","journal":"Journal of Surgical Oncology","year":2025,"id":538483,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9015,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1061799,"name":"Lauren M. Janczewski","orcid":"0000-0003-2721-3519","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":865829,"name":"Gladys M. Rodriguez","orcid":"0000-0002-0113-6474","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1157437,"name":"Jeffrey D. Wayne","orcid":"0000-0002-9934-1109","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":593211,"name":"David J. Bentrem","orcid":"0009-0007-2506-6187","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1004113,"name":"Samantha Warwar","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":31,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:21.389196Z","pmid":"39806540","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}