{"doi":"10.1002/jor.1100140415","title":"Osteoinductive ability of confluent Saos‐2 cells correlates with enhanced expression of bone morphogenetic proteins","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Implants of defatted, freeze‐dried Saos‐2 human osteosarcoma cells grown to confluency induce <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> bone formation in athymic mice. These cells are also richly endowed with bone morphogenetic proteins and express mRNA for bone morphogenetic proteins 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, as well as for transforming growth factor‐β1. Our aim was to study whether the ability to induce bone formation is related to the level of expression of bone morphogenetic protein. We studied the osteoinductive abilities and levels of expression of bone morphogenetic protein of Saos‐2 cells both during the growth phase and after confluency was reached. Subconfluent cells were at least 70% less effective in their osteoinductive ability than confluent cells. Comparison of bone morphogenetic protein mRNA expression in confluent and subconfluent cells revealed that the latter had lower expression of all the mRNAs studied. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐1, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, and bone morphogenetic protein‐6 mRNAs was 2, 3, and 6 to 10‐fold lower, respectively, in subconfluent cells. These results suggest that the ability of Saos‐2 cells to induce <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> bone formation may be correlated with the relative expression of these proteins; the expression of bone morpho‐genetic proteins in Saos‐2 cells also may be dependent on the cell cycle.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research","year":1996,"id":589007,"datarank":0.8387044373040684,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.4539620336848378,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.4539620336848378,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":11,"citers_with_citation_signal":8,"citers_with_endowment":8,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1506964,"name":"Howard H. T. Hsu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1506965,"name":"H. Clarke Anderson","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":598118,"name":"Prafulla Raval","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Osteoinductive ability of confluent Saos‐2 cells correlates with enhanced expression of bone morphogenetic proteins","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Implants of defatted, freeze‐dried Saos‐2 human osteosarcoma cells grown to confluency induce <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> bone formation in athymic mice. These cells are also richly endowed with bone morphogenetic proteins and express mRNA for bone morphogenetic proteins 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, as well as for transforming growth factor‐β1. Our aim was to study whether the ability to induce bone formation is related to the level of expression of bone morphogenetic protein. We studied the osteoinductive abilities and levels of expression of bone morphogenetic protein of Saos‐2 cells both during the growth phase and after confluency was reached. Subconfluent cells were at least 70% less effective in their osteoinductive ability than confluent cells. Comparison of bone morphogenetic protein mRNA expression in confluent and subconfluent cells revealed that the latter had lower expression of all the mRNAs studied. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐1, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, and bone morphogenetic protein‐6 mRNAs was 2, 3, and 6 to 10‐fold lower, respectively, in subconfluent cells. These results suggest that the ability of Saos‐2 cells to induce <jats:italic>de novo</jats:italic> bone formation may be correlated with the relative expression of these proteins; the expression of bone morpho‐genetic proteins in Saos‐2 cells also may be dependent on the cell cycle.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"8764870","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2015164004","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NCRR NIH HHS","grant_id":"RR06500","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDCR NIH HHS","grant_id":"DE05262","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":0.4572,"citation_percentile":0.62804311,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjor.1100140415","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jor.1100140415","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100140415","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8764870","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","Bone and Dental Protein Studies","Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty","Animals","Biological Assay","Blotting, Northern","Bone Morphogenetic Proteins","Bone and Bones","Cell Count","Cell Cycle","Gene Expression","Humans","Mice","Mice, Nude","Osteosarcoma","Proteins","RNA, Messenger","Transforming Growth Factor beta","Tumor Cells, Cultured"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Biological Assay","Bone and Bones","Cell Count","Cell Cycle","Humans","Mice, Nude","Proteins","RNA, Messenger","Osteosarcoma","Tumor Cells, Cultured","Blotting, Northern","Gene Expression","Transforming Growth Factor beta","Bone Morphogenetic Proteins","Mice"],"keywords":["Bone morphogenetic protein 5","Bone morphogenetic protein 8A","Bone morphogenetic protein 10","Bone morphogenetic protein","Bone morphogenetic protein 6","Bone morphogenetic protein 2","Bone morphogenetic protein 7","Cell biology","Bone morphogenetic protein receptor","Chemistry","Bone morphogenetic protein 4","Biology","Bone morphogenetic protein 15","Molecular biology","Gene","In vitro","Biochemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-23T11:38:29.696424Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}