{"doi":"10.1002/joc.4670","title":"Influence of Central and East <scp>ENSO</scp> on precipitation and its extreme events in South America during austral autumn and winter","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>It is known that the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content>) episodes have a great influence on South American precipitation and its extreme events during austral autumn (from March until May, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAM</jats:styled-content>) and winter (from June until August, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JJA</jats:styled-content>) that occur after the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content> peak (normally this happens on austral summer). Recent papers have studied the two types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content> and their influence on atmosphere–ocean system. This study analysed the influence of Central and East equatorial Pacific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content> on South American seasonal/monthly mean precipitation and its extreme events during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAM</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JJA</jats:styled-content>. The composites of precipitation anomalies, during these two types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content>, show that there are different, even opposite patterns over South America. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAM</jats:styled-content>, there is an increased precipitation in southeastern South America and a decrease in the northeast South America during East El Niño (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEN</jats:styled-content>) and an increased precipitation in central Brazil during Central El Niño (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN</jats:styled-content>). In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JJA</jats:styled-content>, the signs of anomaly precipitation are opposite between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEN</jats:styled-content> (less precipitation) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEN</jats:styled-content> (more precipitation) over southeastern South America. The extreme precipitation events show patterns consistent with the precipitation anomaly patterns, but, normally, the changes in the frequency of extremes precipitation events affect more extensive areas than the total precipitation. If monthly or seasonal atmospheric anomalies in a certain region during one of the types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content> are similar (opposite) to the atmospheric anomalies associated with extreme precipitation events in this region, then there is enhancement (suppression) of the frequency of extreme events in this region during this type of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENSO</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p>","journal":"International Journal of Climatology","year":2016,"id":37161,"datarank":3.551908408313855,"base_score":4.564348191467836,"endowment":4.564348191467836,"self_citation_contribution":0.6846522287201755,"citation_network_contribution":2.8672561795936793,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6846522287201755,"citer_contribution":2.8672561795936793,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":95,"citer_count":84,"citers_with_citation_signal":72,"citers_with_endowment":72,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":186814,"name":"Alice M. 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Tedeschi","orcid":"0000-0002-9312-0030","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.564348191467836,"endowment":4.564348191467836,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"18998881","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2354666346","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Science Foundation","grant_id":"GEO‐1128040","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":7.5122,"citation_percentile":0.97499078,"influential_citations":6,"citation_trend":[{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":8},{"year":2018,"count":12},{"year":2019,"count":12},{"year":2020,"count":15},{"year":2021,"count":6},{"year":2022,"count":9},{"year":2023,"count":5},{"year":2024,"count":8},{"year":2025,"count":14},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/joc.4670","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjoc.4670","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.4670","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/joc.4670","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/joc.4670","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/joc.4670","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4670","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Climate variability and models","Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","Environmental Science"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Precipitation","Climatology","Anomaly (physics)","El Niño Southern Oscillation","Environmental science","Southern oscillation","Atmospheric sciences","Geology","Geography","Meteorology"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life below water"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-10T18:37:04.096922Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}