{"doi":"10.1002/jmv.70690","title":"Changes in HIV‐1 Reservoir Dynamics After Mpox Infection","abstract":"In May 2022, a large outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) occurred in several non-endemic regions worldwide. Another outbreak in 2024 raised global concerns, particularly for immunocompromised individuals like people with HIV (PWH). Since the latent HIV-1 reservoir remains a major barrier to a cure, we investigated how past mpox infection affected reservoir dynamics in this population. PWH who had mpox at an average of 9 months before sampling showed a significantly smaller HIV-1 reservoir than MPXV-unexposed PWH. This reduction was accompanied by enhanced antigen-driven proviral reactivation in CD4+ T cells, especially central memory cells (TCM), and increased expression of T-cell activation and proliferation markers like CD32 and Ki67. Mpox also induced sustained immune stress, as reflected by a prolonged decrease in CD4+ T naïve (TN) cells, increased expression of immune senescence and exhaustion markers like PD-1, LAG-3, and CD57, as well as metabolic dysfunction in CD4+ TN and TCM cells, which showed impaired glucose uptake and reduced proliferative capacity. These findings suggest that MPXV-induced immune activation leads to long-lasting changes in T-cell homeostasis and reprograms the HIV-1 reservoir, which may have implications for monitoring immune competence and vaccine responses in this population. Understanding the interplay between HIV-1/MPXV co-infection, T-cell dynamics, and HIV-1 reservoir modulation provides novel insights into how controlled proviral reactivation may inform the design of cure-oriented strategies.","journal":"Journal of Medical Virology","year":2025,"id":580478,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9593,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1411855,"name":"Olivia de la Calle‐Jiménez","orcid":"0009-0002-6962-1537","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1491708,"name":"Inés Armenteros","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1491709,"name":"Luis Lemus Aguilar","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342148,"name":"Daniel Fuertes","orcid":"0000-0002-5746-2199","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1284593,"name":"Juan Cantón","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342149,"name":"Elena Mateos","orcid":"0000-0002-5449-7337","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":863969,"name":"Noemí Cabello","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1491710,"name":"Javier Rodríguez Añover","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1206252,"name":"Anabel Negredo","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":670905,"name":"Miguel Cervero","orcid":"0000-0001-9387-7917","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1205402,"name":"María Paz Sánchez‐Seco","orcid":"0000-0001-9033-7704","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":670900,"name":"Montserrat Torres","orcid":"0000-0001-8776-8925","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":684481,"name":"Vicente Estrada","orcid":"0000-0002-7795-5986","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342158,"name":"Mayte Coiras","orcid":"0000-0001-6464-5770","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":850837,"name":"Guiomar Casado‐Fernández","orcid":"0000-0001-5835-896X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:38.868285Z","pmid":"41204857","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}