{"doi":"10.1002/jmv.29520","title":"Neutralizing antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 bivalent mRNA vaccine in SIV‐infected rhesus macaques: Enhanced immunity to XBB subvariants by two‐dose vaccination","abstract":"The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting by prototype messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine has challenged the current vaccination efficacy against newly emerged Omicron subvariants. In our study, we investigated a cohort of macaques infected by SIV and vaccinated with two doses of bivalent Pfizer mRNA vaccine containing wildtype and BA.5 spikes. Using a pseudotyped lentivirus neutralization assay, we determined neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against new XBB variants, i.e., XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and XBB.2.3, alongside D614G and BA.4/5. We found that compared to humans vaccinated with three doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine plus a bivalent booster, the monkeys vaccinated with two doses of bivalent mRNA vaccines exhibited relatively increased titers against XBB subvariants. Of note, SIV-positive dam macaques had reduced nAb titers relative to SIV-negative dams. Additionally, SIV positive dams that received antiretroviral therapy had lower nAb titers than untreated dams. Our study underscores the importance of reformulating the COVID-19 vaccine to better protect against newly emerged XBB subvariants as well as the need for further investigation of vaccine efficacy in individuals living with HIV-1.","journal":"Journal of Medical Virology","year":2024,"id":495939,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.958,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":170815,"name":"X. Wang","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278005,"name":"Panke Qu","orcid":"0000-0002-0222-365X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1342937,"name":"Yi‐Min Zheng","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":826063,"name":"Eunice Vincent","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":408492,"name":"Huanbin Xu","orcid":"0000-0003-1742-0979","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278009,"name":"Shan‐Lu Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1620-3817","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":666619,"name":"Julia N. Faraone","orcid":"0000-0002-3421-4707","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":21,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:09:23.333150Z","pmid":"38528837","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}