{"doi":"10.1002/jmri.28133","title":"Longitudinal Changes in Global Cerebral Blood Flow in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Phase‐Contrast MRI Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Characterization of blood supply changes in older individuals is important in understanding brain aging and diseases. However, prior studies largely focused on cross-sectional design, thus change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) could not be assessed on an individual level. PURPOSE: To evaluate longitudinal short-term changes in global CBF in cognitively normal older adults. STUDY TYPE: Prospective, longitudinal, and cohort. POPULATION: One-hundred twenty-seven cognitive-normal participants (mean age 69 ± 7 years, 47 males) underwent serial MRI with an average follow-up time of 2.1 years. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3 T phase-contrast (PC), three-dimensional magnetization-prepared-rapid-acquisition-of-gradient-echo (MPRAGE) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI. ASSESSMENT: Total CBF was measured with PC MRI allowing assessment of quantitative flow in four major feeding arteries by a trained radiologist with >3 years' experience (O.K.). Brain volume was obtained from MPRAGE MRI and measured by T1-MultiAtlas MRICloud tool. The ratio between total CBF and brain volume yielded global CBF in mL/100 g/min. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) was measured automatically using a Bayesian probability approach on FLAIR. STATISTICAL TESTS: Linear mixed effect model was used to simultaneously assess cross-sectional age-differences and longitudinal age-changes in CBF. Spearman rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between CBF change and WMH progression. A P-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was considered significant. RESULTS: Global CBF decreased with age at a longitudinal rate of -0.56 mL/100 g/min/year (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.09, -0.03), compared to a cross-sectional rate of -0.26 mL/100 g/min/year (95% CI: -0.41, -0.11). Changes in CBF were significantly associated with progression of WMH (Spearman rank correlation r = -0.25), as those participants who had a more rapid CBF reduction had greater increases in WMH volumes and the relationship remained significant when adjusting for baseline vascular risk scores. Additionally, age-related changes in whole-brain volume were found to be -0.151%/year (95% CI: -0.186, -0.116). DATA CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that brain aging in older adults is accompanied by a rapid longitudinal reduction in CBF, the rate of which is associated with white matter damage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.","journal":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","year":2022,"id":280337,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6726,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":320065,"name":"Zixuan Lin","orcid":"0000-0001-9462-7768","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315436,"name":"Anja Soldan","orcid":"0000-0002-6193-0418","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329631,"name":"Corinne Pettigrew","orcid":"0000-0003-4264-275X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":650132,"name":"Joshua Betz","orcid":"0000-0003-4488-9799","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":875998,"name":"Kumiko Oishi","orcid":"0000-0002-4433-0613","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":954360,"name":"Li Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-3771-5969","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320066,"name":"Peiying Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-0830-5960","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":19614,"name":"Marilyn Albert","orcid":"0000-0002-8167-8985","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":57482,"name":"Hanzhang Lu","orcid":"0000-0003-3871-1564","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":954359,"name":"Hualu Han","orcid":"0000-0002-4144-5722","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:28:59.341002Z","pmid":"35218111","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}