{"doi":"10.1002/jia2.25525","title":"Towards evidence‐based integration of services for HIV, non‐communicable diseases and substance use: insights from modelling","abstract":"The year 2020 is the designated date for achieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis, treatment and viral suppression [1]; it also marks completion of one-third of the time allotted (from 2015 to 2030) for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the corresponding end of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) [2]. Yet the HIV epidemic is far from ended: nearly two million people still acquire HIV infection every year, the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) continues to increase and new infections are still on the rise in many populations [3]. To date, the response to HIV has largely been an “exceptional” one, with dedicated funders (most notably the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) tending to build new structures rather than strengthening the underlying health systems [4]. By some measures, this approach has been exceedingly successful, resulting in over 21 million people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a corresponding reduction in AIDS mortality [3]. But it is also an approach that may require modification in the coming decade, with progress towards Sustainable Development Goals underway and a concomitant focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC) emerging [5]. Given the ambitious joint goals of ending AIDS while also achieving good health and wellbeing for all people, it may be instructive to consider the population-level epidemiologic and economic consequences of the different ways in which services for HIV and other conditions can be integrated, in the context of broader health systems [6]. This Supplement presents a set of articles that explore the potential role of mathematical modelling to address this need. These articles help illustrate that the concept of “integrated HIV services” itself is not – and need not be – uniform across all situations. For example in settings with generalized HIV epidemics, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, are exacting an increasing toll of morbidity and mortality as populations living with HIV age. As such, implementing routine (or even expanded) diagnostic testing and screening for some of these conditions among PLHIV could be an important step forward in certain settings [7]. In contrast, in settings where HIV is concentrated among people who inject drugs (PWID) and thus overlaps strongly with hepatitis C and risk of drug overdose, integration of HIV services with substance use services and hepatitis C treatment programmes might be the overriding priority [8]. In some settings, services for certain other conditions may be well established, such that integrated care might consist primarily of forming linkages between these services and those for HIV, enabling PLHIV to “link out” and thus access more comprehensive care. In other settings, however, services for other conditions may be more rudimentary, and an important dimension of integration could be in the utilization of HIV facilities to strengthen care for PLHIV while also providing some amount of care for HIV-negative persons. Regardless of how “integrated HIV services” are conceptualized, integration has the potential to effect synergistic benefits by achieving economies of scope, using the same infrastructure to provide multiple services. Because of this potential benefit, integration of HIV and other services merits careful evaluation. The articles in this Supplement examine a specific set of issues and perspectives around integration of services for HIV and other conditions. In particular, these articles focus on (1) integration of HIV care with services for NCDs, especially CVD, in settings with a high “dual burden” of HIV and CVD, and (2) integration of HIV and substance use services in populations that can benefit from HIV prevention and treatment as a package that also includes services for substance abuse. Although each individual article addresses a narrowly defi","journal":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","year":2020,"id":82030,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9325,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":423768,"name":"Kimberly A. Powers","orcid":"0000-0001-7980-9846","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415836,"name":"Timothy B. Hallett","orcid":"0000-0002-9681-0424","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315468,"name":"David W. Dowdy","orcid":"0000-0003-0481-7475","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":19,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:53:19.932222Z","pmid":"32562385","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}