{"doi":"10.1002/jha2.352","title":"Erytra blood group analyser and kode technology testing of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies among convalescent patients and vaccinated individuals","abstract":"Surveillance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic requires tests to monitor antibody formation and prevalence. We detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using red cells coated by Kode technology with short peptides derived from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP). Such modified red cells, called C19-kodecytes, can be used as reagent cells in any manual or automated column agglutination assay. We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 130 samples from COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors using standard manual technique, two FDA-authorized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays and a virus neutralisation assay. The sensitivity of the C19-kodecyte assay was 88%, comparable to the anti-SP and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NCP) ELISAs (86% and 83%) and the virus neutralisation assay (88%). The specificity of the C19-kodecyte assay was 90% (anti-SP 100% and anti-NCP 97%). Likewise, 231 samples from 73 vaccinated individuals were tested with an automated analyser, and we monitored the appearance and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The C19-kodecyte assay is a robust tool for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. Automated blood group analyser use enables large-scale SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing for vaccination monitoring in population surveys.","journal":"eJHaem","year":2021,"id":199562,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9559,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":347479,"name":"Willy A. Flegel","orcid":"0000-0002-1631-7198","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":387829,"name":"Kshitij Srivastava","orcid":"0000-0002-3658-0815","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":776091,"name":"Sabine Kaiser","orcid":"0000-0002-2081-7734","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630389,"name":"Hubert Schrezenmeier","orcid":"0000-0003-1222-6659","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":776092,"name":"Chrysanthi Tsamadou","orcid":"0000-0002-8664-0433","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":776093,"name":"Carolin Ludwig","orcid":"0000-0001-8820-8479","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630388,"name":"Bernd Jahrsdörfer","orcid":"0000-0002-8334-5244","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":53137,"name":"Nicolai V. Bovin","orcid":"0000-0001-8669-4477","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":745705,"name":"Stephen Henry","orcid":"0000-0002-9946-8441","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":719063,"name":"Christof Weinstock","orcid":"0000-0001-9739-8948","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":18,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:40.558460Z","pmid":"35464155","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}