{"doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13509","title":"Effects of exercise or metformin on myokine concentrations in patients with breast and colorectal cancer: A phase II multi‐centre factorial randomized trial","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Physical activity and metformin pharmacotherapy are associated with improved clinical outcomes in breast and colorectal cancer survivors. Myokines are cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle that may mediate these associations. METHODS: This hypothesis-generating analysis used biospecimens collected from a multi-centre 2 × 2 factorial randomized design of 116 patients with stage I-III breast and colorectal cancer who were randomized to 12 weeks of (1) aerobic exercise (moderate intensity titrated to 220 min/week); (2) metformin (850 mg daily for 2 weeks and then titrated to 850 mg twice per day); (3) aerobic exercise and metformin; or (4) control. Fourteen myokines were quantified using a multiplex panel. Myokine concentrations were log-transformed, and main effects analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects regression models. The type I error rate was controlled with the Holm sequential testing procedure. RESULTS: Randomization to exercise increased leukaemia inhibitory factor (1.26 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 1.84; adjusted P = 0.001) and interleukin-15 (2.23 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.87, 3.60; adjusted P = 0.013) compared with randomization to no exercise. Randomization to metformin decreased apelin (-2.69 pg/mL, 95% CI: -4.31, -1.07; adjusted P = 0.014) and interleukin-15 (-1.74 pg/mL, 95% CI: -2.79, -0.69; adjusted P = 0.013) compared with randomization to no metformin. Metformin decreased myostatin, irisin, oncostatin M, fibroblast growth factor 21 and osteocrin; however, these changes were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates that randomization to exercise and metformin elicit unique effects on myokine concentrations in cancer patients. This hypothesis-generating observation warrants further basic, translational and clinical investigation and replication.","journal":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","year":2024,"id":431145,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8536,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":456594,"name":"Guillaume Spielmann","orcid":"0000-0001-7024-0972","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274169,"name":"Shengping Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-6298-6301","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678784,"name":"Stephanie L. E. Compton","orcid":"0000-0003-0894-1422","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236656,"name":"Lee W. Jones","orcid":"0000-0002-3716-8793","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":65152,"name":"MELINDA L. IRWIN","orcid":"0000-0001-7571-0304","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273723,"name":"Jennifer A. Ligibel","orcid":"0000-0002-0633-3151","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6441,"name":"Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt","orcid":"0000-0002-1120-0898","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273715,"name":"Justin C. Brown","orcid":"0000-0001-7540-4913","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:25.642507Z","pmid":"38887915","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}