{"doi":"10.1002/jbio.202400126","title":"Cardiac‐gated spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging for ablation‐induced necrotic lesion visualization","abstract":"Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive therapy for atrial fibrillation. Conventional RF procedures lack intraoperative monitoring of ablation-induced necrosis, complicating assessment of completeness. While spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging shows promise in distinguishing ablated tissue, multi-spectral imaging is challenging in vivo due to low imaging quality caused by motion. Here, we introduce a cardiac-gated sPA imaging (CG-sPA) framework to enhance image quality using a motion-gated averaging filter, relying on image similarity. Necrotic extent was calculated based on the ratio between spectral unmixed ablated tissue contrast and total tissue contrast, visualizing as a continuous color map to highlight necrotic area. The validation of the concept was conducted in both ex vivo and in vivo swine models. The ablation-induced necrotic lesion was successfully detected throughout the cardiac cycle through CG-sPA imaging. The results suggest the CG-sPA imaging framework has great potential to be incorporated into clinical workflow to guide ablation procedures intraoperatively.","journal":"Journal of Biophotonics","year":2024,"id":454787,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9571,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":497145,"name":"Hiroshi Ashikaga","orcid":"0000-0003-3689-6892","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689028,"name":"Masahito Suzuki","orcid":"0000-0003-1696-0332","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":752222,"name":"Tommaso Mansi","orcid":"0000-0002-8342-4110","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1278232,"name":"Youngho Kim","orcid":"0000-0001-7531-802X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1278233,"name":"Florin‐Cristian Ghesu","orcid":"0000-0002-3376-4002","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377270,"name":"Jeeun Kang","orcid":"0000-0001-6678-2744","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":338931,"name":"Emad M. Boctor","orcid":"0000-0002-9536-6720","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":375582,"name":"Henry R. Halperin","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377269,"name":"Haichong K. Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-1314-8456","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":575756,"name":"Shang Gao","orcid":"0000-0001-9921-7899","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":39,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:12.720997Z","pmid":"39075610","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}