{"doi":"10.1002/jbio.202300083","title":"Dose and time–response effect of photobiomodulation therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients combined or not with hypoglycemic medicine: A randomized, crossover, double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial","abstract":"Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) combined or not with oral hypoglycemic medication has not been investigated in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. All 10 T2DM patients were assessed randomly at 6 different occasions (3 with and 3 without regular oral hypoglycemic medication). Capillary glycemia was assessed after overnight fast (pre-prandial), 1 h postprandially (standardized meal, 338 kcal), and 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h post-PBMt (830 nm; 25 arrays of LEDs, 80 mW/array). Three doses (0 J-sham, 100 J, 240 J per site) were applied bilaterally on quadriceps femoris muscles, hamstrings, triceps surae, ventral upper arm and forearm; and randomly combined or not with oral hypoglicemic medication, totaling six different therapies applied for all 10 TDM2 patients (PBMt sham, PBMt 100 J, PBMt 240 J, PBMt sham + medication, PBMt 100 J + medication, PBMt 240 J + medication). Cardiac autonomic control was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Without medication, there was reduction in glycemia after all PBMt doses, with 100 J as the best dose that persisted until 12 h and presented lower area under the curve (AUC). With medication, glycemia decreased similarly among doses. No differences between 100 J and sham + medication, but AUC was significantly lower after 100 J, suggesting better glycemic control. Low frequency component of HRV increased after sham + medication and 100 J, suggesting higher sympathetic activation. PBMt showed time- and dose-response effect to reduce glycemia in T2DM patients. Effects on HRV were consistent with glycemic control.","journal":"Journal of Biophotonics","year":2023,"id":346066,"datarank":0.3958585994422889,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9493,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1086411,"name":"Flávio de Castro Magalhães","orcid":"0000-0002-1963-982X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1086985,"name":"Ana Paula Moraes Damiani","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240564,"name":"Michael R. Hamblin","orcid":"0000-0001-6431-4605","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1086412,"name":"Antônio Roberto Zamunér","orcid":"0000-0002-7480-3047","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1086413,"name":"Cleber Ferraresi","orcid":"0000-0002-1361-8390","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1086984,"name":"Clara Maria Cobra Branco Scontri","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":74,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:11:48.317335Z","pmid":"37171054","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}