{"doi":"10.1002/jat.4508","title":"Evaluation of immunotoxicity of sodium metavanadate following drinking water exposure in female B6C3F1/N mice in a 28‐day study","abstract":"Abstract Sodium metavanadate (NaVO 3 ) is a pentavalent vanadium compound used in the metal industry and dietary supplements; human exposure occurs through inhalation of fumes and dust and ingestion of NaVO 3 ‐containing products. The objective of this study was to assess the potential immunotoxicity of NaVO 3 . Female B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to 0–500 ppm NaVO 3 in drinking water for 28 days and evaluated for effects on immune cell populations and innate, cellular‐mediated, and humoral‐mediated immunity. There was a decreasing trend in body weight (BW) and BW gain in NaVO 3 exposed mice, with a decrease ( p ≤ 0.05) in BW gain at ≥250 ppm, relative to control. Conversely, increasing trends in spleen weights and an increase ( p ≤ 0.05) in the spleen:BW ratio at ≥250 ppm NaVO 3 were observed. NaVO 3 exposure altered antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Antibody forming cells (AFC)/10 6 spleen cells exhibited a decreasing trend, with a decrease ( p ≤ 0.05) at 500 ppm NaVO 3 , concurrent with an increase in percent B cells. NaVO 3 had no effect on the serum anti‐SRBC IgM antibody titers or anti‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody production. Exposure to NaVO 3 decreased the percentage of natural killer cells at all dose levels ( p ≤ 0.05), with no effect on the lytic activity. NaVO 3 altered T‐cell populations at 500 ppm but had no effect on T‐cell proliferative responses or the lytic activity of cytotoxic T cells. Collectively, these data indicate that NaVO 3 exposure can adversely affect the immune system by inducing alterations in humoral‐mediated immunity, specifically the AFC response, with no effect on cell‐mediated or innate immunity.","journal":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","year":2023,"id":356257,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9609,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":795079,"name":"Victor J. Johnson","orcid":"0000-0002-3471-6483","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":505772,"name":"Gary R. Burleson","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426270,"name":"Keith R. Shockley","orcid":"0000-0002-4924-954X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":501478,"name":"Mark F. Cesta","orcid":"0000-0002-5380-5182","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":532785,"name":"Greg Travlos","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":506363,"name":"Michelle Cora","orcid":"0000-0002-4714-1324","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297214,"name":"Georgia Roberts","orcid":"0000-0003-1933-7482","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374780,"name":"Dori R. Germolec","orcid":"0000-0003-4072-1956","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":531789,"name":"Rachel P. Frawley","orcid":"0000-0001-8490-8240","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":104,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:25.429924Z","pmid":"37403832","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}