{"doi":"10.1002/iub.2661","title":"Cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins: The outstanding questions","abstract":"The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a major family of bacterial pore-forming proteins secreted as virulence factors by Gram-positive bacterial species. CDCs are produced as soluble, monomeric proteins that bind specifically to cholesterol-rich membranes, where they oligomerize into ring-shaped pores of more than 30 monomers. Understanding the details of the steps the toxin undergoes in converting from monomer to a membrane-spanning pore is a continuing challenge. In this review we summarize what we know about CDCs and highlight the remaining outstanding questions that require answers to obtain a complete picture of how these toxins kill cells.","journal":"IUBMB Life","year":2022,"id":248162,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.953,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":886898,"name":"Riya Joseph","orcid":"0000-0003-1313-6153","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484483,"name":"Michelle P. Christie","orcid":"0000-0002-7001-3400","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484482,"name":"Craig J. Morton","orcid":"0000-0001-5452-5193","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":887553,"name":"Conall McGuiness","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886899,"name":"James Walsh","orcid":"0000-0003-0447-2323","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":649427,"name":"Till Böcking","orcid":"0000-0003-1165-3122","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451124,"name":"Rodney K. Tweten","orcid":"0000-0001-9293-9899","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484484,"name":"Michael W. Parker","orcid":"0000-0002-3101-1138","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484481,"name":"Bronte A. Johnstone","orcid":"0000-0003-3313-5553","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:24:09.893688Z","pmid":"35836358","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}