{"doi":"10.1002/ijc.35345","title":"Scientific approaches to defining <scp>HPV</scp> vaccine‐induced protective immunity","abstract":"Seventeen years after the licensure of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like-particle vaccines, a defined antibody level that correlates with vaccine-induced protection against HPV infections and associated neoplasia is missing. In contrast, correlates of protection have been defined for many viral vaccines, including for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. This review includes lessons learned from vaccination against HBV and the use of an established protective HBV surface antigen antibody level: 10 mIU/mL, an overview of HPV infection-induced and HPV vaccine-induced antibody responses, successful efforts to establish international standardization of serological reagents and associated tools, and 15-year vigilance of HPV vaccine-induced antibody levels in a vaccination cohort against breakthrough infections. This report identifies progress but also gaps on the journey toward the definition of a HPV vaccine-induced correlate of protection.","journal":"International Journal of Cancer","year":2025,"id":516451,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9615,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":242948,"name":"Pierre Van Damme","orcid":"0000-0002-8642-1249","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1249623,"name":"Simon Beddows","orcid":"0000-0002-6879-6215","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265768,"name":"Lígia A. Pinto","orcid":"0000-0002-3130-9882","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1381788,"name":"Filipe Colaço Mariz","orcid":"0000-0001-6624-4524","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1381789,"name":"Penelope Gray","orcid":"0000-0001-9065-4734","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":563636,"name":"Joakim Dillner","orcid":"0000-0001-8588-6506","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1381787,"name":"Matti Lehtinen","orcid":"0000-0002-9481-0535","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":77,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:48:49.486328Z","pmid":"39945620","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}