{"doi":"10.1002/hbm.25690","title":"Mental health in the UK Biobank: A roadmap to self‐report measures and neuroimaging correlates","abstract":"The UK Biobank (UKB) is a highly promising dataset for brain biomarker research into population mental health due to its unprecedented sample size and extensive phenotypic, imaging, and biological measurements. In this study, we aimed to provide a shared foundation for UKB neuroimaging research into mental health with a focus on anxiety and depression. We compared UKB self-report measures and revealed important timing effects between scan acquisition and separate online acquisition of some mental health measures. To overcome these timing effects, we introduced and validated the Recent Depressive Symptoms (RDS-4) score which we recommend for state-dependent and longitudinal research in the UKB. We furthermore tested univariate and multivariate associations between brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and mental health. Our results showed a significant multivariate relationship between IDPs and mental health, which was replicable. Conversely, effect sizes for individual IDPs were small. Test-retest reliability of IDPs was stronger for measures of brain structure than for measures of brain function. Taken together, these results provide benchmarks and guidelines for future UKB research into brain biomarkers of mental health.","journal":"Human Brain Mapping","year":2021,"id":152821,"datarank":1.6105807639988843,"base_score":4.31748811353631,"endowment":4.31748811353631,"self_citation_contribution":0.6476232170304466,"citation_network_contribution":0.9629575469684378,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6476232170304466,"citer_contribution":0.9629575469684378,"corpus_percentile":87.10450994043475,"corpus_rank":1668,"citation_count":74,"citer_count":57,"citers_with_citation_signal":32,"citers_with_endowment":32,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9217,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":20.8333,"fair_percentile":36.38031183124427,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":648434,"name":"Kayla Hannon","orcid":"0000-0002-6340-6791","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648435,"name":"Ty Easley","orcid":"0000-0002-8215-2598","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299511,"name":"Joseph C. Griffis","orcid":"0000-0002-5548-1169","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":540715,"name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-3113-9577","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":458425,"name":"Janine Bijsterbosch","orcid":"0000-0002-1385-9178","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":648433,"name":"Rosie Dutt","orcid":"0000-0002-9887-9513","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":78,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:34.972031Z","pmid":"34708477","pmcid":"PMC8720192","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":22.2222,"fair_a":18.75,"fair_i":20.0,"fair_r":41.6667,"fair_zscore":-0.5389,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":20.83,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":22.22,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) is given for the study's own dataset (derived variables or code) [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"All analysis code for this article is available at: https://github.com/PersonomicsLab/MH_in_UKB","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names GitHub as the host for the code, which is a non-repository host (not a curated data repository) [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"All analysis code for this article is available at: https://github.com/PersonomicsLab/MH_in_UKB . 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In accordance with the UKB regulations, newly derived variables in this article (e.g., RDS‐4) will be made available to other researchers via UKB data access post‐publication.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement points to a third-party access process (UK Biobank) for the data, not a repository record for the study's own dataset [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No itemised inventory of the released dataset (files, variables, or samples) is provided; the paper describes the study variables but not as a dataset description [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The dataset (derived variables) is not cited in the reference list nor appears as a reference entry; only the code is linked in the body text [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":18.75,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"UKB data (Miller et al., 2016 ; Sudlow et al., 2015) are available following an access application process, for more information please see: https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/enable-your-research/apply-for-access . 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'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No license is stated for the data (derived variables or code); the CC BY license applies to the article only","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. 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For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:10:59.494814Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}