{"doi":"10.1002/hbm.25212","title":"Intracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with <scp>early‐onset</scp> psychosis: A multisite <scp>mega‐analysis</scp> from the <scp>ENIGMA</scp> consortium","abstract":"Early-onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early-onset psychosis and healthy controls for differences in intracranial and subcortical brain volumes. The sample included 263 patients with early-onset psychosis (mean age: 16.4 ± 1.4 years, mean illness duration: 1.5 ± 1.4 years, 39.2% female) and 359 healthy controls (mean age: 15.9 ± 1.7 years, 45.4% female) with magnetic resonance imaging data, pooled from 11 clinical cohorts. Patients were diagnosed with early-onset schizophrenia (n = 183), affective psychosis (n = 39), or other psychotic disorders (n = 41). We used linear mixed-effects models to investigate differences in intracranial and subcortical volumes across the patient sample, diagnostic subgroup and antipsychotic medication, relative to controls. We observed significantly lower intracranial (Cohen's d = -0.39) and hippocampal (d = -0.25) volumes, and higher caudate (d = 0.25) and pallidum (d = 0.24) volumes in patients relative to controls. Intracranial volume was lower in both early-onset schizophrenia (d = -0.34) and affective psychosis (d = -0.42), and early-onset schizophrenia showed lower hippocampal (d = -0.24) and higher pallidum (d = 0.29) volumes. Patients who were currently treated with antipsychotic medication (n = 193) had significantly lower intracranial volume (d = -0.42). The findings demonstrate a similar pattern of brain alterations in early-onset psychosis as previously reported in adult psychosis, but with notably low intracranial volume. The low intracranial volume suggests disrupted neurodevelopment in adolescent early-onset psychosis.","journal":"Human Brain Mapping","year":2020,"id":93473,"datarank":1.0627406952355445,"base_score":3.713572066704308,"endowment":3.713572066704308,"self_citation_contribution":0.5570358100056463,"citation_network_contribution":0.5057048852298981,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5570358100056463,"citer_contribution":0.5057048852298981,"corpus_percentile":80.93911967200434,"corpus_rank":2465,"citation_count":40,"citer_count":22,"citers_with_citation_signal":19,"citers_with_endowment":19,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8795,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":299970,"name":"Vera Lonning","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297637,"name":"Stener Nerland","orcid":"0000-0001-8771-8856","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297641,"name":"Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen","orcid":"0000-0002-5751-4809","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259214,"name":"Unn K. Haukvik","orcid":"0000-0002-0363-4127","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":177,"name":"Clara Alloza","orcid":"0000-0002-2092-8055","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56339,"name":"Celso Arango","orcid":"0000-0003-3382-4754","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466936,"name":"Cláudia Barth","orcid":"0000-0001-6544-0945","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109354,"name":"Carrie E. Bearden","orcid":"0000-0002-8516-923X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":56340,"name":"Michael Berk","orcid":"0000-0002-5554-6946","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466937,"name":"Hannes Bohman","orcid":"0000-0001-9726-6478","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259225,"name":"Orwa Dandash","orcid":"0000-0001-8845-7280","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":84132,"name":"Covadonga M. Díaz‐Caneja","orcid":"0000-0001-8538-3175","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":468364,"name":"Carl T. Edbom","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236952,"name":"Theo G.M. van Erp","orcid":"0000-0002-2465-2797","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466938,"name":"Anne‐Kathrin Fett","orcid":"0000-0003-0282-273X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246783,"name":"Sophia Frangou","orcid":"0000-0002-3210-6470","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466939,"name":"Benjamin I. Goldstein","orcid":"0000-0003-0340-349X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466940,"name":"Anahit Grigorian","orcid":"0000-0003-4975-8800","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107762,"name":"Neda Jahanshad","orcid":"0000-0003-4401-8950","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22029,"name":"Anthony James","orcid":"0000-0002-2742-8328","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236931,"name":"Joost Janssen","orcid":"0000-0001-7613-2067","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":468365,"name":"Cecilie Johannessen","orcid":null,"position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":456199,"name":"Katherine H. Karlsgodt","orcid":"0000-0003-3332-4231","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289188,"name":"Matthew J. Kempton","orcid":"0000-0003-3541-9947","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227759,"name":"Peter Kochunov","orcid":"0000-0003-3656-4281","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466941,"name":"Lydia Krabbendam","orcid":"0000-0003-4074-5149","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":436055,"name":"Marinos Kyriakopoulos","orcid":"0000-0002-4594-2646","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466942,"name":"M. Lundberg","orcid":"0000-0002-3215-1001","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259234,"name":"Bradley J. MacIntosh","orcid":"0000-0001-7300-2355","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466943,"name":"Bjørn Rishovd Rund","orcid":"0000-0002-0939-0012","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466944,"name":"Runar Elle Smelror","orcid":"0000-0001-8611-6132","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466945,"name":"Alysha A. Sultan","orcid":"0000-0002-2718-292X","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297649,"name":"Christian K. Tamnes","orcid":"0000-0002-9191-6764","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107770,"name":"Sophia I. Thomopoulos","orcid":"0000-0002-0046-4070","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289650,"name":"Ariana Vajdi","orcid":"0000-0003-4835-4820","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466946,"name":"Kirsten Wedervang‐Resell","orcid":"0000-0002-2856-5412","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":466947,"name":"Anne M. Myhre","orcid":"0000-0001-7702-3962","position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52934,"name":"Ole A. Andreassen","orcid":"0000-0002-4461-3568","position":38,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":51712,"name":"Paul M. Thompson","orcid":"0000-0002-4720-8867","position":39,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":62314,"name":"Ingrid Agartz","orcid":"0000-0002-9839-5391","position":40,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":468366,"name":"For the ENIGMA‐EOP Working Group","orcid":null,"position":41,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":107809,"name":"Tiril P. Gurholt","orcid":"0000-0002-1272-7616","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:31:34.149524Z","pmid":"33017498","pmcid":"PMC8675418","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":0.0,"fair_a":0.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":16.6667,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No PID-scheme string or data URL occurs; the paper states the data are not available.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","grounded":true,"rationale":"No repository is named; the paper states the data are not available.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement declares the data cannot be shared and offers no route of any kind, which corresponds to Colavizza category 0 (no DAS) or a refusal.","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No section, table, or enumerated list describes the dataset; the text describes the study sample and methods, not the dataset as a separate artefact. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier or link for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper, either in the body text or the reference list.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper states the data are not available, offering no followable route with or without precondition.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper states the data are not publicly available but does not use a standard access-level label (e.g., 'open access', 'restricted access') and describes no action by which data could be obtained.","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper states the data are not available and names no gatekeeper, institutional or personal.","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper states the data will not be shared, so no timing or persistence commitment is made.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format token of any kind is named for the released data.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No data or metadata community standard (e.g., MIAME, BIDS, an ontology) is named as applied to the data; only processing standards like ENIGMA protocols are mentioned.","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper gives a URL for FreeSurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu), a resource the data depend on. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":16.67,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or terms document is named for the data; the CC-BY license applies to the article only, not the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"T1-weighted brain images were processed locally at each site with FreeSurfer (version 5.3.0; http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ; Fischl, 2012 ) following standardized ENIGMA processing protocols.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The text names the specific software (FreeSurfer 5.3.0) used to produce the data, which is a proper-noun tool with a version token. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No documentation object (README, codebook, data dictionary) is named as accompanying the data, and the data are not deposited. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"Neither a version token nor a date pins the snapshot of the data; the data are not deposited.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not mention any code availability; no locator is given.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd, Grant/Award Numbers: 2017-00949, 521-2014-3487; Helse Sør-Øst RHF, Grant/Award Numbers: 2004-259, 2006-186, 2017112;","grounded":true,"rationale":"Multiple award numbers are given attached to named funders, e.g., '2017-00949' from the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","why":"No PID-scheme string or data URL occurs; the paper states the data are not available.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","why":"No repository is named; the paper states the data are not available.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","why":"The paper states the data are not available, offering no followable route with or without precondition.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence or terms document is named for the data; the CC-BY license applies to the article only, not the data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier or link for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper, either in the body text or the reference list.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format token of any kind is named for the released data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not mention any code availability; no locator is given.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"Neither a version token nor a date pins the snapshot of the data; the data are not deposited.","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","why":"The statement declares the data cannot be shared and offers no route of any kind, which corresponds to Colavizza category 0 (no DAS) or a refusal.","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No section, table, or enumerated list describes the dataset; the text describes the study sample and methods, not the dataset as a separate artefact. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","why":"The paper states the data are not publicly available but does not use a standard access-level label (e.g., 'open access', 'restricted access') and describes no action by which data could be obtained.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In neuroimaging, describe the data with BIDS, NIfTI or DICOM.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No data or metadata community standard (e.g., MIAME, BIDS, an ontology) is named as applied to the data; only processing standards like ENIGMA protocols are mentioned.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"T1-weighted brain images were processed locally at each site with FreeSurfer (version 5.3.0; http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ; Fischl, 2012 ) following standardized ENIGMA processing protocols.","why":"The text names the specific software (FreeSurfer 5.3.0) used to produce the data, which is a proper-noun tool with a version token. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object (README, codebook, data dictionary) is named as accompanying the data, and the data are not deposited. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The datasets from this study will not be made publicly available as we do not have approvals for sharing clinical data.","why":"The paper states the data are not available and names no gatekeeper, institutional or personal.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper gives a URL for FreeSurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu), a resource the data depend on. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper states the data will not be shared, so no timing or persistence commitment is made.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:26:24.795006Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}