{"doi":"10.1002/etc.4234","title":"Chronic toxicity of 6 neonicotinoid insecticides to<i>Chironomus dilutus</i>and<i>Neocloeon triangulifer</i>","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title> </jats:title><jats:p>Neonicotinoid insecticides are frequently detected in surface waters near agricultural areas, leading to a potential for chronic exposure to sensitive aquatic species. The midge Chironomus dilutus and the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer have been shown to be acutely sensitive to neonicotinoids. Previous studies have established chronic effects of some neonicotinoids on C. dilutus, but reproduction has not been studied. Toxic effects have not been assessed using N. triangulifer. We present the results of chronic, static-renewal tests for 6 neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) with C. dilutus (≤56-d in length) and N. triangulifer (≤32-d in length). Emergence was generally the most sensitive endpoint for both species across all neonicotinoids. Effect concentrations, 10% (EC10s; emergence) were 0.03 to 1.1 μg L−1 for acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid. Dinotefuran and thiamethoxam were less potent, with EC10s (C. dilutus) or median effect concentrations (EC50s; N. triangulifer) of 2.2 to 11.2 μg L−1. Hazard was assessed through comparison of neonicotinoid environmental concentrations from agricultural surface waters in Ontario (Canada) with either the 5th percentile hazard concentration (for imidacloprid) or species-specific EC10s from the present study (for all remaining neonicotinoids). The resulting hazard quotients (HQs) indicated little to no hazard (HQ &amp;lt;1) in terms of chronic toxicity for acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, or thiamethoxam. A moderate hazard (HQ &amp;gt;1) was found for emergence of N. triangulifer for clothianidin, and a high hazard (HQ = 74) was found for imidacloprid. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2727–2739. © 2018 SETAC</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","year":2018,"id":37523,"datarank":2.438242734006444,"base_score":4.110873864173311,"endowment":4.110873864173311,"self_citation_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citation_network_contribution":1.8216116543804473,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citer_contribution":1.8216116543804473,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":60,"citer_count":54,"citers_with_citation_signal":50,"citers_with_endowment":50,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":187859,"name":"Xiaoming Zhao","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":187860,"name":"Chunyan Hao","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":187861,"name":"David G. Poirier","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":187862,"name":"Paul K. Sibley","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":187858,"name":"Melanie Raby","orcid":"0000-0001-8380-1548","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.110873864173311,"endowment":4.110873864173311,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"30055027","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2884179941","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Training Experience program in Multiple Stressors and Cumulative Effects in the Great Lakes","grant_id":"2013-432269","title":null},{"funder_name":"Canada-Ontario Agreement","grant_id":"2218","title":null},{"funder_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","grant_id":"unidentified","title":"unidentified"},{"funder_name":"Ontario Graduate Scholarship","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Great Lakes Collaborative Research","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":7,"fwci":5.6983,"citation_percentile":0.95814425,"influential_citations":6,"citation_trend":[{"year":2019,"count":9},{"year":2020,"count":11},{"year":2021,"count":5},{"year":2022,"count":10},{"year":2023,"count":6},{"year":2024,"count":12},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"Wiley Online Library User Agreement","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fetc.4234","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/etc/article-pdf/37/10/2727/59798704/etc4234.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4234","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30055027","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4234","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Insect and Pesticide Research","Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science","0211 other engineering and technologies","02 engineering and technology","01 natural sciences","0105 earth and related environmental sciences","Animals","Chironomidae","Ephemeroptera","Insecticides","Kaplan-Meier Estimate","Neonicotinoids","Ontario","Reproduction","Solutions","Toxicity Tests, Chronic","Water Pollutants, Chemical"],"mesh_terms":["Neonicotinoids","Animals","Chironomidae","Insecticides","Ontario","Reproduction","Solutions","Water Pollutants, Chemical","Toxicity Tests, Chronic","Kaplan-Meier Estimate","Ephemeroptera"],"keywords":["Clothianidin","Thiamethoxam","Neonicotinoid","Thiacloprid","Acetamiprid","Imidacloprid","Toxicology","Pesticide","Chronic toxicity","Environmental chemistry","Chemistry","Biology","Toxicity","Ecology","Pesticides","Reproduction","Toxic effects","emergence","Chronic Exposure","Aquatic Invertebrates","Ontario","Insecticides","Kaplan-Meier Estimate","Chironomidae","Solutions","Neonicotinoids","Animals","Toxicity Tests, Chronic","Ephemeroptera","Water Pollutants, Chemical"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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