{"doi":"10.1002/eji.202250220","title":"Cytokines enhance human Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell TCR‐dependent and TCR‐independent effector functions","abstract":"Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can recognize various molecules associated with cellular stress or transformation, providing a unique avenue for the treatment of cancers or infectious diseases. Nonetheless, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-based immunotherapies frequently achieve suboptimal efficacies in vivo. Enhancing the cytotoxic effector function of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is one potential avenue through which the immunotherapeutic potential of this subset may be improved. We compared the use of four pro-inflammatory cytokines on the effector phenotype and functions of in vitro expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, and demonstrated TCR-independent cytotoxicity mediated through CD26, CD16, and NKG2D, which could be further enhanced by IL-23, IL-18, and IL-15 stimulation throughout expansion. This work defines promising culture conditions that could improve Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-based immunotherapies and furthers our understanding of how this subset might recognize and target transformed or infected cells.","journal":"European Journal of Immunology","year":2023,"id":383117,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9523,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":950641,"name":"Kathleen M. Wragg","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108824,"name":"Wen Shi Lee","orcid":"0000-0001-7285-4054","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1149991,"name":"Marc Rigau","orcid":"0000-0001-5978-1073","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":675831,"name":"Adam P. Uldrich","orcid":"0000-0002-6350-5976","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108826,"name":"Stephen J. Kent","orcid":"0000-0002-8539-4891","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473627,"name":"Jennifer A. Juno","orcid":"0000-0002-9072-1017","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1149990,"name":"Kirsty R. Field","orcid":"0000-0001-6238-5362","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:17:25.158896Z","pmid":"36946072","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}